面向中国风格海报视觉隐喻设计的创造力支持系统研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023040838

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

创造力支持系统是计算机辅助设计领域的研究热点，现有创造力支持系统的功能大多是辅助作品生成，缺乏对创意构思阶段的有效支持，导致创意构思阶段的灵感发散与收敛存在困难。中国风格海报需要设计师选取合适的文化元素进行编排，以传达特定的主旨与文化内涵，这对平面设计师而言颇为困难，尤其是新手设计师容易忽略文化元素的多重隐喻，固化的意象图式会导致作品流于形式，缺少文化内涵。为了能够辅助设计师在设计中国风格海报时构建视觉隐喻，提出了中国风格海报视觉隐喻构建的关键设计要素与思维路径，使用语义差异法与众包法构建了六类元素“隐喻关联”，并基于“隐喻关联”提出了中国风格海报隐喻标签自动生成规则，进而构建了一个创造力支持系统——“灵知”。该系统致力于更深层次的思维探索、灵感启发与隐喻推理过程可视化，显式表示元素到隐喻以及隐喻到元素的双向关联，提供以“隐喻”作为高层语义信息的检索功能，支持从“隐喻”“色彩”和“形态”多个设计维度进行范例发散。最后通过用户实验与专家访谈验证了“灵知”的有效性，与现有类似系统对比，能够在多个维度支持用户灵感发散，并有效提升构思效率和设计创造力。

关键词: 创造力支持系统, 视觉隐喻, 文化意象, 平面设计

Abstract:

The development of creativity support system is an area of active research in the realm of computer-aided design. While most existing creativity support systems aim to assist the generation of works, they often fall short in providing effective support during the creative conception stage, which can hinder the process of inspiration divergence and convergence. Chinese-style posters, in particular, require designers to select appropriate cultural elements for layout to convey specific themes and cultural connotations. This task can prove challenging for graphic designers, especially novices who may overlook the multiple metaphors of cultural elements. In turn, the solidified image schema will lead to the works becoming mere formalities and lacking cultural connotations. In order to assist designers in the construction of visual metaphors in the design of Chinese-style posters, this paper proposed key design elements and thinking paths for the construction of visual metaphors in Chinese-style posters. Using the semantic difference and crowdsourcing methods, six types of elements were constructed as “metaphor associations”, and automatic generation rules for metaphor labels in Chinese-style posters were developed based on these associations. Subsequently, a creativity support system, called “Afflatus”, was constructed to facilitate deeper thinking exploration, inspiration, and visualization of the metaphorical reasoning process. The system explicitly represented the bidirectional correlation between elements and metaphors and offers a retrieval function with “metaphor” as high-level semantic information, supporting the sample divergence across multiple design dimensions of “metaphor” “color” and “form”. Finally, through user experiments and expert interviews, the effectiveness of Afflatus was verified, demonstrating its superiority over existing systems by supporting the divergence of user inspiration across multiple dimensions while effectively enhancing the efficiency of conception and design creativity.

Key words: creativity support system, visual metaphor, cultural image, graphic design

中图分类号:

TP391

宁斌, 刘芳, 刘志雄, 王遵富. 面向中国风格海报视觉隐喻设计的创造力支持系统研究[J]. 图学学报, 2023, 44(4): 838-848.

NING Bin, LIU Fang, LIU Zhi-xiong, WANG Zun-fu. Research on creative support system of visual metaphor design for Chinese style posters[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(4): 838-848.

图/表 14

参考文献 25

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检索系统		视觉中国	MetaMap^[7]	Pinterest	灵知
启发维度	隐喻	-	√	-	√
	色彩	√	√	√	√
	形态	-	√	√	√
素材风格	现代主义	√	√	√	-
素材风格	中国风格	√	-	√	√
数据结构	树形结构	√	√	√	√
数据结构	图形结构	√	-	√	√

检索系统		视觉中国	MetaMap^[7]	Pinterest	灵知
启发维度	隐喻	-	√	-	√
	色彩	√	√	√	√
	形态	-	√	√	√
素材风格	现代主义	√	√	√	-
素材风格	中国风格	√	-	√	√
数据结构	树形结构	√	√	√	√
数据结构	图形结构	√	-	√	√

视觉隐喻设计要素	设计要素说明	视觉隐喻思维路径	视觉隐喻重要性评分
文字	具有主题的文本表达，如：关于传统节庆等文化性主题的介绍等	⑥	3.64
元素	具有文化代表性的创作素材，如：龙、凤、太极、瓷器等	②	4.27
隐喻	元素寓意或海报传达的思想内涵，如：牛寓意广大人民群众的勤劳	①	4.59
色彩	具有中国风格的颜色搭配，如：水墨黑白配色、中国红配色等	③	4.07
形态	海报元素的轮廓及其大小，如：月亮与月饼都具有的圆形轮廓等	④	3.73
技法	特殊画面效果，如：刺绣、剪纸、印章、水墨晕染、青铜失蜡法等	⑤	3.39
构图	对于画面元素的编排形式，如：留白，元素大小的对比等	⑦	3.70

视觉隐喻设计要素	设计要素说明	视觉隐喻思维路径	视觉隐喻重要性评分
文字	具有主题的文本表达，如：关于传统节庆等文化性主题的介绍等	⑥	3.64
元素	具有文化代表性的创作素材，如：龙、凤、太极、瓷器等	②	4.27
隐喻	元素寓意或海报传达的思想内涵，如：牛寓意广大人民群众的勤劳	①	4.59
色彩	具有中国风格的颜色搭配，如：水墨黑白配色、中国红配色等	③	4.07
形态	海报元素的轮廓及其大小，如：月亮与月饼都具有的圆形轮廓等	④	3.73
技法	特殊画面效果，如：刺绣、剪纸、印章、水墨晕染、青铜失蜡法等	⑤	3.39
构图	对于画面元素的编排形式，如：留白，元素大小的对比等	⑦	3.70

类别	数量	范例
器物类	122	棋，宝剑，仁丹，瓷器，酒，秤砣，······
人物类	37	僧，财神，皇，将军，船家，观音菩萨，······
动物类	68	鸡，鹤，龙，鲤鱼，凤凰，寒鸦，脱兔，······
自然类	145	星，月，金乌，云烟，风雨，江河，竹，······
地点类	42	寺庙，草房，蓬船，黄土地，桑田，······
食物类	11	面，粥，薯，白米饭，糍粑，粽子，······
总计	425	-