输电线路线间距离校核自顶向下设计方法

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2026051156

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在架空输电线路设计中，线间距离校核需要进行频繁的设计变更以满足严格的机械与绝缘安全约束。针对传统方法依赖多软件模块切换、流程重复和迭代次数多等变型设计效率低下的问题，提出一种支持快速变型设计的线间距离校核方法。首先，基于“顶层基本骨架”(TBS)建模理论，构建了能够将杆塔设计控制信息与顶层设计意图传递至导线形态参数的自顶向下设计流程，保障线间距校核流程快速响应常见设计变更要求。进而结合该流程对模型的细度要求，提出了由导线、杆塔与装配关系构成的轻量化输电线路骨架模型。通过参考行业标准的通用模型定义构建轻量化杆塔形状骨架，实现模型的快速创建和修改，并根据TBS在横向布局结构的建模方式建立杆塔定位骨架，实现高效准确地传递设计变更。同时，建立集成几何与设计信息的导体骨架模型，实现电线力学快速计算的数据共享。在此基础上，构建了包含杆塔与导线连接关系的装配模型，实现变型设计的数据一致性和对复杂线路结构的适应性。最后基于Qt平台开发相应的线间距离校核原型系统，以各类一般及特殊线路工程作为典型实例进行变型设计需求的应用演示。实例应用结果表明，该方法能有效满足变更杆塔位置、塔头尺寸、换位方式和自定义工况四大类典型的快速变型设计需求，且对复杂耐张段级线路工程具有良好的可扩展性，为提升绝缘配合的设计效率提供了高效灵活的技术支撑。

关键词: 架空输电线路, 线间距离校核, 变型设计, 自顶向下, 骨架模型

Abstract:

In the design of overhead transmission lines, design changes frequently occur during inter-conductor clearance verification to satisfy stringent mechanical and insulation safety constraints. To address the low efficiency of variant design caused by switching among multiple software modules, repeated procedures, and excessive iterations in traditional methods, a fast variant design-supporting methodology for inter-conductor clearance verification was established. Firstly, based on the Top Basic Skeleton (TBS) modeling theory, a top-down design flow was proposed. In the proposed design flow, the tower design control information and top-level design requirements were transmitted to the conductor configuration parameters, enabling the clearance-verification process to respond rapidly to common design changes. Subsequently, in accordance with the model-granularity requirements of the design flow, a lightweight transmission-line skeleton model comprising conductors, towers, and their assembly relationships was developed. Specifically, a lightweight tower-shape skeleton was constructed by referencing general model definitions from industrial standards, enabling rapid creation and modification of towers. Meanwhile, a tower-positioning skeleton was built following the TBS lateral layout modeling approach, allowing efficient and accurate transfer of design changes. Additionally, a conductor skeleton model integrating both geometric and design information was established to facilitate data sharing for rapid mechanical calculation of wires. Furthermore, an assembly model incorporating the connections between towers and conductors was constructed to ensure data consistency in variant design and adaptability to complex line configurations. Finally, a corresponding prototype inter-conductor clearance verification system was developed based on the Qt platform, and various typical and special transmission line projects were used as case studies to demonstrate the application of variant design requirements. The results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively supported the four major types of rapid variant-designs: adjusting tower position, tower-top geometry, phase sequence arrangement, and custom operating conditions, while exhibiting good scalability for complex tension-section-level overhead transmission-line projects. Consequently, this research provided an efficient and flexible technical approach for increasing the efficiency of the insulation coordination design.

Key words: overhead transmission lines, inter-conductor clearance verification, variant design, top-down, skeleton model

中图分类号:

TM 75
TP 391

孔琪艳, 杨亚晋, 杨仕友. 输电线路线间距离校核自顶向下设计方法[J]. 图学学报, 2026, 47(5): 1156-1165.

KONG Qiyan, YANG Yajin, YANG Shiyou. A Top-down design method for inter-conductor clearance verification of overhead transmission lines[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2026, 47(5): 1156-1165.

图/表 18

图1 传统线间距离校核中各类变型设计需求的处理流程图

Fig. 1 Traditional flowchart for handling various variant design requirements of inter-conductor clearance verification

图2 满足各种变型设计需求的自顶向下线间距离校核流程图

Fig. 2 Top-down flowchart of inter-conductor clearance verification for different design requirements

表1 杆塔通用模型几何细度表

Table 1 Level of geometric detail for universal tower model

参数	说明
节点信息	P，点编号，x，y，z(坐标相对于模型原点)
单线信息	R，节点编号1，节点编号2
挂点信息	G，挂点类型，挂点名称， x，y，z(坐标相对于模型原点)

图3 典型上字型耐张塔单线图及骨架模型

Fig. 3 Single-line diagram and skeleton model of a typical upper-frame strain tower

图4 同塔四回典型塔型及骨架模型

Fig. 4 Typical tower types and skeleton models for quadruple-circuit transmission

表2 典型杆塔的骨架模型数据量

Table 2 Data volume of skeleton models for typical towers

杆塔类型	四回路杆	上字型耐张塔
节点数量	16	28
单线数量	8	40
挂点数量	14	7
*.mod文件大小/字节	601	1 193

图5 输电线路骨架模型定位信息传递示意图——以“四变双”线路工程为例

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of positioning information transmission for transmission line skeleton model—a case study of quadruple-to-double-circuit line

图6 导体骨架模型驱动电线力学快速计算的信息流

Fig. 6 Information flow of rapid mechanical calculation driven by the conductor skeleton model

图7 基于输电线路骨架模型的自顶向下线间距校核流程

Fig. 7 Flowchart for top-down inter-conductor clearance verification based on transmission line skeleton model

图8 同塔双回线路初始布置三维示意图

Fig. 8 3D schematic diagram of the initial layout for double-circuit lines on the same tower

表3 初始线路信息

Table 3 Initial line information

线路信息	双回路杆塔-塔1	双回路杆塔-塔2
杆塔定位参数 (x,y,z,θ)/(m,m,m,°)	(0,0,0,0)	(0,100,0,30)
杆塔通用模型 (形状骨架)部分挂点信息	G,C,导1, −4.5,0,28 G,C,导2, −3,0,24.5 G,C,导3, −4.5,0,21 G,C,导4,4.5,0,28 G,C,导5,3,0,24.5 G,C,导6,4.5,0,21
装配关系 (“导线编号，装配信息”)	1,{塔1,导1;塔2,导1} 2,{塔1,导2;塔2,导2} 3,{塔1,导3;塔2,导3} 4,{塔1,导4;塔2,导4} 5,{塔1,导5;塔2,导5} 6,{塔1,导6;塔2,导6}

图9 4类设计变更界面((a) 杆塔位置或几何结构；(b) 相序排列方式；(c) 自定义工况)

Fig. 9 Interface for four types of design modifications ((a) Tower position or geometric structure; (b) Phase sequence arrangement; (c) Custom operating condition)

图10 两类设计变更后的三维场景

Fig. 10 3D scenes after two typical design changes

表4 改变塔头尺寸后的关键参数对比

Table 4 Comparison of key parameters after changing the tower top geometry

导线编号	参数值	终止挂点全局坐标/m	形态参数 /10⁻³∙MPa/m, 10⁻³∙MPa/m, MPa
1	改前	(−3.897, 97.750, 28.000)	(0, 31.130, 56.458)
1	改后	(−5.629, 96.750, 28.000)	(0, 31.130, 56.380)
4	改前	(3.897, 102.250, 28.000)	(0, 31.130, 56.810)
4	改后	(5.629, 103.250, 28.000)	(0, 31.130, 56.890)

表5 改变导线排列方式后的关键参数对比

Table 5 Comparison of key parameters after changing the conductor arrangement

装配关系	参数值	终止挂点全局坐标/m	形态参数 /10⁻³∙MPa/m, 10⁻³∙MPa/m, MPa
1,{塔1,导1;塔2,导2}	改前	(−3.90, 97.75, 28.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.46)
1,{塔1,导1;塔2,导2}	改后	(−2.60, 98.50, 24.50)	(0, 31.13, 56.53)
2,{塔1,导2;塔2,导3}	改前	(−2.60, 98.50, 24.50)	(0, 31.13, 56.52)
2,{塔1,导2;塔2,导3}	改后	(−3.90, 97.75, 21.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.47)
3,{塔1,导3;塔2,导1}	改前	(−3.90, 97.75, 21.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.46)
3,{塔1,导3;塔2,导1}	改后	(−3.90, 97.75, 28.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.51)
4,{塔1,导4;塔2,导5}	改前	(3.90, 102.25, 28.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.81)
4,{塔1,导4;塔2,导5}	改后	(2.60, 101.50, 24.50)	(0, 31.13, 56.76)
5,{塔1,导5;塔2,导6}	改前	(2.60, 101.50, 24.50)	(0, 31.13, 56.75)
5,{塔1,导5;塔2,导6}	改后	(3.90, 102.25, 21.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.82)
6,{塔1,导6;塔2,导4}	改前	(3.90, 102.25, 21.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.81)
6,{塔1,导6;塔2,导4}	改后	(3.90, 102.25, 28.00)	(0, 31.13, 56.85)

表6 自定义工况与年平工况导线形态参数对比

Table 6 Comparison of conductor configuration parameters under custom and annual average temperature conditions

编号	年平工况形态参数 /10⁻³∙MPa/m, 10⁻³∙MPa/m, MPa	自定义工况形态参数 /10⁻³∙MPa/m, 10⁻³∙MPa/m, MPa
1	(0, 31.13, 56.46)	(0, 52.00, 84.94)
2	(0, 31.13, 56.52)	(0, 52.00, 85.02)
3	(0, 31.13, 56.46)	(0, 52.00, 84.94)
4	(0, 31.13, 56.81)	(0, 52.00, 85.44)
5	(0, 31.13, 56.75)	(0, 52.00, 85.36)
6	(0, 31.13, 56.81)	(0, 52.00, 85.44)

图11 复杂线路结构的线间距离校核三维示意图((a) 四回路变双回路线路场景；(b) 交叉跨越线路场景)

Fig. 11 3D visualization of clearance verification for complex line structures ((a) A quadruple-to-double-circuit conversion scenario; (b) A cross-over line scenario)

图12 线间距离计算结果界面

Fig. 12 Interface of inter-conductor clearance verification results

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