统计任务驱动的信息界面颜色编码感知实验研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023020408

图学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 408-414.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023020408

统计任务驱动的信息界面颜色编码感知实验研究

郭琪¹(), 伍金春², 薛澄岐²

1.华东理工大学艺术设计与传媒学院，上海 200000
2.东南大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210000

收稿日期:2022-07-26 接受日期:2022-09-16 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-05-01
作者简介:郭琪(1987-)，女，讲师，博士。主要研究方向为可视化视觉认知机制。E-mail：Guo20160820@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52205264);上海市浦江人才计划项目(2021PJC032)

Experimental study on perception of color encoding based on information interface statistical task

GUO Qi¹(), WU Jin-chun², XUE Cheng-qi²

1. School of Art Design and Media, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200000, China
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210000, China

Received:2022-07-26 Accepted:2022-09-16 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-05-01
About author:GUO Qi (1987-), lecturer, Ph.D. Her main research interest covers visual cognitive mechanism. E-mail：Guo20160820@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205264);Pujiang Talent Program(2021PJC032)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了有效提高用户对视觉统计任务中颜色编码的决策效率，首先需要探究人类视觉系统对界面颜色编码的感知问题。因此，将显著性差异的概念引入到颜色编码研究中，生成一套针对视觉统计任务的色彩空间，并通过典型的视觉统计任务实验，研究颜色差异阈值对视觉统计任务的感知绩效影响，进而总结颜色编码对于视觉统计任务的感知精度和感知规律。实验结果表明：首先，在相关性识别任务和平均值比较任务中，人类视觉系统对颜色的感知精度比以往色彩模型预测的更精确，说明颜色编码时的差异阈值(JND)选择可以更小；其次，当选择不同颜色轴进行颜色编码时，相关性识别任务用明度编码识别绩效会更高；最后，在不同基础相关系数和点群数量条件下，相关性识别精度和平均值比较精度均符合韦伯线性函数，反映了观察者在进行视觉统计任务时处理信息熵的能力。本文为信息可视化设计者提供设计指导，并从心理物理学角度，对可视化界面信息的颜色编码提供了量化依据。

关键词: 可视化界面, 视觉统计任务, 颜色编码, 颜色感知, 界面评价

Abstract:

In order to effectively enhance users′ decision-making efficiency for color encoding in visual statistics tasks, it is necessary to first investigate the perceptual problem of the human visual system for color encoding in visualization interfaces. Therefore, the concept of significant difference was introduced into the color encoding research, leading to the creation of a set of new color spaces for visual statistics tasks. The effect of color difference threshold on the perceptual performance of visual statistics tasks was then examined through typical visual statistics task experiments, so as to summarize the perceptual accuracy and laws of color coding for visual statistics tasks. The results revealed that: firstly, in the correlation recognition task and the mean comparison task, the perceptual accuracy of the human visual system was more accurate than that predicted by previous color models, indicating that the difference threshold (JND) selection for color encoding could be smaller. Secondly, when different color axes were selected for color encoding, the recognition performance of the correlation recognition task was higher with lightness encoding. Finally, under different basic correlation coefficients and number of point groups, the accuracy of correlation recognition and mean comparison followed the Weber linear function, which reflected the observers′ ability to process information entropy when performing visual statistical tasks. The above findings provide design guidance for information visualization designers, and offer a quantitative basis for color coding of visual interface information from the perspective of psychophysics.

Key words: information interface, visual statistical task, color encoding, color perception, interface evaluation

中图分类号:

TP47

郭琪, 伍金春, 薛澄岐. 统计任务驱动的信息界面颜色编码感知实验研究[J]. 图学学报, 2023, 44(2): 408-414.

GUO Qi, WU Jin-chun, XUE Cheng-qi. Experimental study on perception of color encoding based on information interface statistical task[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(2): 408-414.

图/表 11

图1 从目标颜色到颜色空间的相等步长显示图

Fig. 1 Display step step from the target color to the color space

图2 目标颜色汇总

Fig. 2 Target color summary

图3 相关性实验任务和平均值比较任务实验材料示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic of experimental material for correlation experimental task and mean comparison task

表1 事后多重检验LSD统计结果

Table 1 LSD statistics results from post hoc multiple tests

比较项	标准误差	F检验统计量	显著性 P值
1ND-2ND	0.007	3 102	0.113
1ND-无干扰	0.008	3 102	0.000
2ND-无干扰	0.008	3 102	0.000

表2 Tukey HSD事后多重检验统计结果

Table 2 Tukey HSD statistical results of post-hoc multiple tests

比较项	评估值	标准误差	统计	显著性P值
H-S	0.003	0.008	0.283	0.771
L-H	0.022	0.008	3.368	0.003
L-S	0.015	0.008	2.921	0.021

图4 不同颜色空间距离下的相关性识别结果

Fig. 4 Results of correlation identification under different color spatial distances

图5 不同颜色轴的相关性识别结果

Fig. 5 Results of identifying correlations across different color axes

图6 不同颜色空间距离下的质心差判断结果

Fig. 6 Judgment results of centroid difference at different color space distances

图7 不同颜色轴的质心差判断结果

Fig. 7 Judgment result of the centroid difference of the different color axes

图8 某指挥作战系统界面(简化版)

Fig. 8 A command and combat system interface (simplified version)

表3 界面反应时基本统计表述

Table 3 Basic statistical representation of the interface reaction time

类别	样本容量	反应时均值	标准差	标准误差
1ND	21	417.69	320.07	74.19
2ND	21	373.43	312.89	71.33

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统计任务驱动的信息界面颜色编码感知实验研究

Experimental study on perception of color encoding based on information interface statistical task

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