HUD道路引导空间位置对新手驾驶人的影响

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024040856

图学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 856-867.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024040856

HUD道路引导空间位置对新手驾驶人的影响

王枫红¹^,²(), 陈岱琳¹^,², 高紫婷¹, 文兆铖¹^,²()

1.华南理工大学设计学院，广东广州 510000
2.广东省数智赋能设计创新重点实验室，广东广州 510000

收稿日期:2023-11-15 接受日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2024-08-31 发布日期:2024-09-03
通讯作者:文兆铖(1992-)，男，副教授，博士。主要研究方向为人因工程、人机交互等。E-mail：ssman6@scut.edu.cn
第一作者:王枫红(1972-)，女，教授，博士。主要研究方向为用户体验设计、交互界面设计、虚拟交互设计和可用性评估。E-mail：fhwang@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72301110);广州市科学技术局基础与应用基础研究专题项目(2024A04J2279);华南理工大学用户体验与可用性设计项目(C9238291)

The effect of spatial location of HUD’s road guidance on novice drivers

WANG Fenghong¹^,²(), CHEN Dailin¹^,², GAO Ziting¹, WEN Zhaocheng¹^,²()

1. School of Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 510000, China
2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Enhanced Design Innovation, Guangzhou Guangdong 510000, China

Received:2023-11-15 Accepted:2024-05-11 Published:2024-08-31 Online:2024-09-03
Contact: WEN Zhaocheng (1992-), associate professor, Ph.D. His main research interests cover human factors, human-computer interaction, etc. E-mail：ssman6@scut.edu.cn
First author：WANG Fenghong (1972-), professor, Ph.D. Her main research interests cover user experience design, interactive interface design, virtual interaction design and usability evaluation. E-mail：fhwang@scut.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(72301110);The Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2024A04J2279);South China University of Technology User Experience and Usability Design Program(C9238291)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究转向驾驶情境中，不同道路指引空间位置、道路类型、路口转向、车流量和时间段对新手驾驶人驾驶稳定性和心理负荷的影响，通过搭建虚拟驾驶仿真平台，以道路指引空间位置、道路类型、路口转向、车流量、时间段为试验因素，以方向盘转角标准差、瞳孔直径变异系数为试验指标，进行混合正交试验。采用极差分析法及交互作用比较试验结果，得到最优因素水平组合，并进行相关分析。结果表明，影响驾驶稳定性因素的主次顺序为路口类型>时间段>道路指引空间位置>车流量，影响心理负荷因素的主次顺序为道路指引空间位置>时间段>路口类型>车流量。道路指引空间位置作为HUD道路引导的设计要素，对驾驶人稳定性有促进或干扰，而对心理负荷均有所降低。这些发现为HUD道路指引相关信息设计提供参考，对HUD信息设计研究和城市道路驾驶研究有重要意义。

关键词: 新手驾驶人, HUD, 正交试验, 驾驶稳定性, 心理负荷

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different spatial locations of road guides, road types, intersection turns, traffic flow, and time periods on the driving stability and mental load of novice drivers in steering scenarios. Using a virtual driving simulation platform, mixed orthogonal tests were conducted with factors including road guide spatial locations, road types, intersection turns, traffic flow, and time periods. The test indexes included the standard deviation of the steering wheel turning angle and the pupil coefficient of variation. Using range analysis and interaction comparison of the test results, the optimal factor level combination was determined and analyzed. The results showed that the primary factors affecting driving stability were, in order of importance: intersection types, time periods, road guide spatial locations, and traffic flow. For mental load, the factors ranked as: road guide spatial locations, time periods, intersection types, and traffic flow. The spatial locations of road guidance, as a design element of head-up display (HUD) road guidance, either promoted or interfered with driver stability while consistently reducing mental load. These findings provided a reference for the design of information related to HUD road guidance, significantly contributing to HUD information design research and urban road driving research.

Key words: novice drivers, HUD, orthogonal experimental, driving stability, mental load

中图分类号:

TP391
U491

王枫红, 陈岱琳, 高紫婷, 文兆铖. HUD道路引导空间位置对新手驾驶人的影响[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(4): 856-867.

WANG Fenghong, CHEN Dailin, GAO Ziting, WEN Zhaocheng. The effect of spatial location of HUD’s road guidance on novice drivers[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(4): 856-867.

图/表 17

参考文献 47

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因素A：道路指引空间位置	因素B：路口类型	因素C：车流量	因素D：时间段
A1悬浮空中的箭头	B1三岔路口左转	C1车流量小	D1白天
A2贴合地面的箭头	B2三岔路口右转	C2车流量大	D2黑夜
A3无道路引导	B3十字路口左转
	B4十字路口右转
	B5环形道路右转

因素A：道路指引空间位置	因素B：路口类型	因素C：车流量	因素D：时间段
A1悬浮空中的箭头	B1三岔路口左转	C1车流量小	D1白天
A2贴合地面的箭头	B2三岔路口右转	C2车流量大	D2黑夜
A3无道路引导	B3十字路口左转
	B4十字路口右转
	B5环形道路右转

试验号	因素列				驾驶情境描述
试验号	A	B	C	D	驾驶情境描述
1	1	4	2	1	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量大、白天
2	1	1	1	1	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量小、白天
3	1	1	1	2	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量小、黑夜
4	1	5	1	2	悬浮空中的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量小、黑夜
5	1	2	1	2	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量小、黑夜
6	1	3	2	2	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量大、黑夜
7	1	4	1	1	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量小、白天
8	1	3	1	1	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量小、白天
9	1	5	2	1	悬浮空中的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量大、白天
10	1	2	2	1	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量大、白天
11	2	4	1	2	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量小、黑夜
12	2	1	1	2	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量小、黑夜
13	2	2	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量小、白天
14	2	5	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量小、白天
15	2	4	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量小、白天
16	2	3	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量小、白天
17	2	5	2	1	贴合地面的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量大、白天
18	2	3	2	2	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量大、黑夜
19	2	1	2	1	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量大、白天
20	2	2	2	2	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量大、黑夜
21	3	4	2	2	无道路引导、十字路口右转、车流量大、黑夜
22	3	2	1	1	无道路引导、三岔路口右转、车流量小、白天
23	3	3	1	1	无道路引导、十字路口左转、车流量小、白天
24	3	1	2	1	无道路引导、三岔路口左转、车流量大、白天
25	3	5	1	2	无道路引导、环形道路右转、车流量小、黑夜

试验号	因素列				驾驶情境描述
试验号	A	B	C	D	驾驶情境描述
1	1	4	2	1	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量大、白天
2	1	1	1	1	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量小、白天
3	1	1	1	2	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量小、黑夜
4	1	5	1	2	悬浮空中的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量小、黑夜
5	1	2	1	2	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量小、黑夜
6	1	3	2	2	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量大、黑夜
7	1	4	1	1	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量小、白天
8	1	3	1	1	悬浮空中的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量小、白天
9	1	5	2	1	悬浮空中的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量大、白天
10	1	2	2	1	悬浮空中的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量大、白天
11	2	4	1	2	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量小、黑夜
12	2	1	1	2	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量小、黑夜
13	2	2	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量小、白天
14	2	5	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量小、白天
15	2	4	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口右转、车流量小、白天
16	2	3	1	1	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量小、白天
17	2	5	2	1	贴合地面的箭头、环形道路右转、车流量大、白天
18	2	3	2	2	贴合地面的箭头、十字路口左转、车流量大、黑夜
19	2	1	2	1	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口左转、车流量大、白天
20	2	2	2	2	贴合地面的箭头、三岔路口右转、车流量大、黑夜
21	3	4	2	2	无道路引导、十字路口右转、车流量大、黑夜
22	3	2	1	1	无道路引导、三岔路口右转、车流量小、白天
23	3	3	1	1	无道路引导、十字路口左转、车流量小、白天
24	3	1	2	1	无道路引导、三岔路口左转、车流量大、白天
25	3	5	1	2	无道路引导、环形道路右转、车流量小、黑夜

试验号	因素列				试验结果
试验号	A	B	C	D	方向盘转角标准差	瞳孔直径变异系数
1	1	4	2	1	0.102	0.072
2	1	1	1	1	0.115	0.106
3	1	1	1	2	0.117	0.073
4	1	5	1	2	0.158	0.070
5	1	2	1	2	0.151	0.075
6	1	3	2	2	0.132	0.058
7	1	4	1	1	0.103	0.066
8	1	3	1	1	0.109	0.122
9	1	5	2	1	0.153	0.071
10	1	2	2	1	0.142	0.077
11	2	4	1	2	0.149	0.087
12	2	1	1	2	0.101	0.083
13	2	2	1	1	0.100	0.093
14	2	5	1	1	0.150	0.115
15	2	4	1	1	0.128	0.080
16	2	3	1	1	0.076	0.086
17	2	5	2	1	0.171	0.124
18	2	3	2	2	0.079	0.123
19	2	1	2	1	0.086	0.085
20	2	2	2	2	0.116	0.110
21	3	4	2	2	0.139	0.065
22	3	2	1	1	0.111	0.171
23	3	3	1	1	0.080	0.128
24	3	1	2	1	0.095	0.166
25	3	5	1	2	0.167	0.075

HUD道路引导空间位置对新手驾驶人的影响

The effect of spatial location of HUD’s road guidance on novice drivers

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Metrics

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试验指标	年龄/性别	M (P₂₅，P₇₅)	两独立样本秩和检验
试验指标	年龄/性别	M (P₂₅，P₇₅)	Z值	P值
方向盘转角标准差	<25 (n=3)	0.118 (0.096，0.201)	0.300	0.786*
	≥25 (n=5)	0.127 (0.115，0.155)	0.300	0.786*
	男(n=4)	0.121 (0.097，0.174)	0.581	0.686*
	女(n=4)	0.124 (0.118，0.178)	0.581	0.686*
瞳孔直径变异系数	<25 (n=3)	0.033 (0.022，0.054)	2.100	0.036
	≥25 (n=5)	0.100 (0.077，0.122)	2.100	0.036
	男(n=4)	0.091 (0.058，0.107)	-0.581	0.686*
	女(n=4)	0.061 (0.032，0.120)	-0.581	0.686*

试验指标	方向盘转角标准差
因素	A	B	C	D
K1	1.282	0.621	1.216	1.722
K2	1.158	0.514	1.816	1.309
K3	0.591	0.799	-	-
K4	-	0.620	-	-
K5	-	0.477	-	-
k1	0.128	0.124	0.122	0.115
k2	0.116	0.103	0.121	0.131
k3	0.118	0.160	-	-
k4	-	0.124	-	-
k5	-	0.095	-	-
R	0.012	0.064	0.001	0.016
折算系数d	0.520	0.400	0.710	0.710
R'	0.019	0.058	0.001	0.040
因素最佳水平	2	5	2	1
因素主次顺序	B>D>A>C

试验指标	瞳孔直径变异系数
因素	A	B	C	D
K1	0.790	0.370	0.951	1.563
K2	0.987	0.512	1.432	0.819
K3	0.607	0.456	-	-
K4	-	0.526	-	-
K5	-	0.518	-	-
k1	0.079	0.074	0.095	0.104
k2	0.099	0.102	0.095	0.082
k3	0.121	0.091	-	-
k4	-	0.105	-	-
k5	-	0.104	-	-
R	0.042	0.031	0.000	0.022
折算系数d	0.520	0.400	0.710	0.710
R'	0.064	0.028	0.001	0.056
因素最佳水平	1	1	1	2
因素主次顺序	A>D>B>C

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[2]	顿国强，陈海涛，刘环宇，冯夷宁，查韶辉，侯守印. 基于正交试验和SolidWorks Simulation 的大豆种子脱粒过程碰撞模拟分析[J]. 图学学报, 2015, 36(5): 724-729.