基于二维图纸的机载线缆三维重建方法

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025030666

图学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 666-675.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025030666

基于二维图纸的机载线缆三维重建方法

李默¹(), 蔡晨曙², 陈俊诏³, 王萍⁴, 赵博¹, 曾龙⁵, 李明²(), 方强³

1.中航工业陕西飞机工业(集团)有限公司，陕西汉中 723213
2.浙江大学计算机辅助设计与图形系统全国重点实验室，浙江杭州 310058
3.浙江大学机械工程学院，浙江杭州 310058
4.中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司，陕西西安 710000
5.海南科技职业大学，海南海口 571137

收稿日期:2024-07-10 接受日期:2024-11-08 出版日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-06-13
通讯作者:李明(1977-)，男，副教授，博士。主要研究方向为CAD、CAD/CAE一体化、超复杂结构设计等。E-mail：liming@cad.zju.edu.cn
第一作者:李默(1991-)，男，本科。主要研究方向为数字化装配与检测。E-mail：cglm009@126.com
基金资助:
浙江省“高层次人才特殊支持计划”科技创新领军人才项目(2021R52038)

Three-dimensional reconstruction method of on-board cables based on two-dimensional drawings

LI Mo¹(), CAI Chenshu², CHEN Junzhao³, WANG Ping⁴, ZHAO Bo¹, ZENG Long⁵, LI Ming²(), FANG Qiang³

1. Shaanxi Aircraft Corporation, Hanzhong Shaanxi 723213, China
2. State Key Laboratory of CAD and CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
3. College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058, China
4. AVIC Xi’an Aircraft Industrial Group Co, Xi’an Shaanxi 71000, China
5. Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou Hainan 571137, China

Received:2024-07-10 Accepted:2024-11-08 Published:2025-06-30 Online:2025-06-13
Contact: LI Ming (1977-), associate professor, Ph.D. His main research interests cover CAD, CAD/CAE integration, ultra-complex structure design, etc. E-mail：liming@cad.zju.edu.cn
First author：LI Mo (1991-), undergraduate. His main research interests cover digital assembly and inspection. E-mail：cglm009@126.com
Supported by:
Zhejiang Province “High-level Talent Special Support Program” Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(2021R52038)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

线缆在飞机等航空器上广泛存在，连接着飞机上各种设备和动力系统。目前，在飞机线缆大规模敷设过程中，仍主要根据二维图纸手动完成，效率低、精度差。如何从复杂的二维图纸中提取线缆数据信息，将其转化为清晰、直观的三维模型，优化线缆的布线过程，成为一个亟待解决的领域关键问题。二维图纸包含大量线缆图形结构和标注信息，其布局密集，表现形式不直观，且相互干扰，对线缆三维重建造成巨大挑战。针对此工程实际需求，提出了基于二维图纸的机载线缆三维重建方法，对二维图纸信息进行准确、高效的提取、整合和重建，以真实反映出线缆三维空间位置关系。通过二维线缆敷设图纸的自动读取，提出了结合双向最佳匹配策略的断线连接算法和二维线缆敷设图的线缆重建方法，最终实现了三维线缆拓扑和几何结构的重建，并在工程实际数据上进行了测试和验证。

关键词: 三维线缆重建, 图纸识别, 计算机辅助设计与制造

Abstract:

Cables are widely employed on airplanes and other aircrafts, connecting various equipments and power systems on board. At present, large-scale installation of aircraft cables was predominantly executed manually based on two-dimensional drawings, resulting in low efficiency and poor accuracy. The extraction of cable data information from complex 2D drawings and its conversion into clear and intuitive 3D models to optimize the cable routing process has become a key issue requiring urgent resolution. The two-dimensional drawings contain extensive cable graphic structures and annotation information, which are densely arranged, have non-intuitive presentation forms, and interfere with each other, posing a huge challenge to the three-dimensional reconstruction of cables. In order to address this practical engineering challenge, a three-dimensional reconstruction method for on-board cables based on two-dimensional drawings was proposed. The method accurately and efficiently extracted, integrated, and reconstructed structural information from two-dimensional drawings to accurately reflect the three-dimensional spatial position relationship of cables. Through the automatic reading of two-dimensional cable installation drawings, a cable connection algorithm employing a bidirectional optimal matching strategy and a cable reconstruction method based on two-dimensional cable installation drawings were proposed. Finally, the three-dimensional cable topology and geometric structure were reconstructed, and tested and validated using practial engineering data.

Key words: 3D cable reconstruction, drawing recognition, computer-aided design and manufacturing

中图分类号:

TP391
V242

李默, 蔡晨曙, 陈俊诏, 王萍, 赵博, 曾龙, 李明, 方强. 基于二维图纸的机载线缆三维重建方法[J]. 图学学报, 2025, 46(3): 666-675.

LI Mo, CAI Chenshu, CHEN Junzhao, WANG Ping, ZHAO Bo, ZENG Long, LI Ming, FANG Qiang. Three-dimensional reconstruction method of on-board cables based on two-dimensional drawings[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(3): 666-675.

图/表 20

图1 二维线缆敷设图

Fig. 1 2D cabling diagram

图2 线缆图信息提取和补全流程图

Fig. 2 Flowchart for extracting and completing cable diagram information

图3 延长截断算法运行前后对比示意图((a)延长截断算法运行前；(b)延长截断算法运行)

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the comparison before and after the operation of the extended truncation algorithm ((a) Extended truncation algorithm before running; (b) After running the extended truncation algorithm)

图4 标注表外框识别示意图

Fig. 4 Diagram of the identification of the label frames

图5 图纸中标注表外框示意图

Fig. 5 Diagram of the label frames marked in the drawing

图6 短线条和长线条示意图((a)长线条；(b)短线条)

Fig. 6 Diagram of short and long lines ((a) Long lines; (b) Short lines)

图7 短线条补全判断示意图

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of short line completion judgment

图8 拦截和U型转弯情况示意图

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of interception and U-turn situations

图9 拦截和U型转弯判断示意图((a)被拦截线条；(b) U型转弯)

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of interception and U-turn situation judgment ((a) Intercepted lines; (b) U-turn)

图10 长线条补全判断示意图

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of a long line of complementary judgment

图11 基于双向匹配策略的线缆补全结果示意图

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of cable completion results based on two-way matching strategy

图12 拐角和十字交叉情况示意图((a)拐角；(b)十字交叉)

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of cases of corner and cross sections ((a) Corner; (b) Cross sections)

图13 线缆补全结果示意图

Fig. 13 Schematic diagram of cable completion results

图14 二维图形映射至三维机体模型示意图

Fig. 14 Schematic diagram of 2D graphic mapping to 3D airframe model

图15 Blender中修正卡箍匹配关系示意图

Fig. 15 Schematic diagram of correcting the clamp matching relationship in Blender

图16 卡箍模型示意图

Fig. 16 Schematic diagram of clamp model

图17 线缆分叉处可视化卡箍连接关系示意图((a)卡箍与重建线缆匹配图；(b)卡箍连接关系图)

Fig. 17 Schematic visualization of the clamp connection relationship at the cable bifurcation ((a) Matching diagram of the clamp to the reconstructed cable; (b) Clamp connection relationship diagram)

图18 Blender中卡箍图模型示意图

Fig. 18 Schematic of the clamp diagram model in Blender

图19 修正卡箍图结果示意图

Fig. 19 Schematic diagram of the results of the corrected clamp diagram

图20 CATIA中重建线缆示意图((a)正视图；(b)侧视图)

Fig. 20 Schematic of reconstructed cable in CATIA((a) Front view; (b) Side view)

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基于二维图纸的机载线缆三维重建方法

Three-dimensional reconstruction method of on-board cables based on two-dimensional drawings

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