面向MBSE的起落架系统模型集成技术

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025030686

图学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 686-696.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025030686

面向MBSE的起落架系统模型集成技术

张浩轩¹^,²(), 梁赞³, 王国新¹(), 吴绶玄¹^,⁴, 鲁金直⁵, 阎艳¹, 袁永吉¹, 乔佳兴¹^,²

1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081
2.北京理工大学长三角研究院，浙江嘉兴 314019
3.北京宇航系统工程研究所，北京 100076
4.奥斯陆大学信息学系, 奥斯陆 0373
5.北京航空航天大学航空与科学工程学院，北京 100191

收稿日期:2024-09-25 接受日期:2025-01-06 出版日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-06-13
通讯作者:王国新(1977-)，男，教授，博士。主要研究方向为知识工程、系统工程等。E-mail：wangguoxin@bit.edu.cn
第一作者:张浩轩(2001-)，男，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为基于模型的系统工程。E-mail：3220230347@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
技术基础科研项目(JCKY2021203A001);国家留学基金委项目(202406030154)

Model integration technology for landing gear systems based on MBSE

ZHANG Haoxuan¹^,²(), LIANG Zan³, WANG Guoxin¹(), WU Shouxuan¹^,⁴, LU Jinzhi⁵, YAN Yan¹, YUAN Yongji¹, QIAO Jiaxing¹^,²

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing Zhejiang 314019, China
3. Beijing Institute of Space System Engineering, Beijing 100076, China
4. Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway
5. School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2024-09-25 Accepted:2025-01-06 Published:2025-06-30 Online:2025-06-13
Contact: WANG Guoxin (1977-), professor, Ph.D. His main research interests cover knowledge engineering and systems engineering, etc. E-mail：wangguoxin@bit.edu.cn
First author：ZHANG Haoxuan (2001-), master student. His main research interest covers model-based systems engineering. E-mail：3220230347@bit.edu.cn
Supported by:
Basic Technology Research Project(JCKY2021203A001);The China Scholarship Council(202406030154)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决起落架系统在设计过程中架构建模和仿真建模工具之间的互操作问题，提供对架构建模和仿真建模工具之间跨域信息的双向传递和接口互操作的能力，提出了面向基于模型系统工程(MBSE)的起落架系统模型集成技术。首先，采用多架构建模语言(KARMA)构建起落架系统架构模型，进而通过架构模型中的仿真方案生成仿真模型。其次构建模型语义映射规则并通过解析仿真模型内容建立仿真模型的集成数据模型，使得异构模型的语义具有一致性，进而构建仿真工具适配器，实现对异构数据的统一编译，以及架构模型和仿真模型的集成。结果表明，该方法实现了设计信息在异构模型间的双向传递以及架构建模和仿真建模工具间的互操作，为起落架系统的架构模型和仿真模型间集成提供了支持。

关键词: 基于模型的系统工程, 模型集成, 起落架系统, KARMA, Simulink

Abstract:

To address the interoperability issues between architecture and simulation modeling tools in the design process of the landing gear system, a landing gear system model integration technology based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) was proposed. This technology enabled the bidirectional transfer of cross-domain information and interface interoperability between architecture modeling and simulation modeling tools. First, the landing gear system architecture model was constructed using the multiple architecture modeling language called kombination of architecture model specification (KARMA), which was then utilized to generate the simulation model. Next, semantic mapping rules for the models were established, and an integrated data model for the simulation model was created by parsing its content. Additionally, a simulation tool adapter was developed to unify the compilation of heterogeneous data and to integrate the architecture and simulation models. Experimental results demonstrated that this method effectively enabled the bidirectional transfer of design information between heterogeneous models and ensured interoperability between architecture and simulation modeling tools, thereby supporting the integration of architecture and simulation models in the landing gear system.

Key words: model-based systems engineering, model integration, landing gear system, KARMA, Simulink

中图分类号:

张浩轩, 梁赞, 王国新, 吴绶玄, 鲁金直, 阎艳, 袁永吉, 乔佳兴. 面向MBSE的起落架系统模型集成技术[J]. 图学学报, 2025, 46(3): 686-696.

ZHANG Haoxuan, LIANG Zan, WANG Guoxin, WU Shouxuan, LU Jinzhi, YAN Yan, YUAN Yongji, QIAO Jiaxing. Model integration technology for landing gear systems based on MBSE[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(3): 686-696.

图/表 13

图1 面向MBSE的模型集成技术流程

Fig. 1 The process of model integration technology oriented towards MBSE

图2 起落架系统元模型构建方法

Fig. 2 The method of landing gear system metamodel construction

表1 Simulink元模型(部分)

Table 1 Simulink metamodel (Partial)

名称	类型	描述
Mux	对象	将输入信号进行集合
Gain	对象	将输入乘以一个常量值(增益)
Constant	对象	输出由常量值参数指定的常量
Fcn	对象	将指定数学表达式应用于其输入
Clock	对象	输出当前仿真时间
Scope	对象	显示各个仿真结果变量历程曲线
Sum	对象	对多个输入信号进行求和
Transfer Fcn	对象	通过传递函数的分子和分母系数建立传递函数模型，应用于输入信号并输出
Repeating Sequence Interpolated	对象	输出并重复离散时间序列
Inport	对象	为子系统或外部输入创建输入端口
Outport	对象	为子系统或外部输出创建输出端口
Merge	对象	将多个输入整合成单个输出
If	对象	将指定的数学表达式应用于其输出
If Action Subsystem	对象	由If模块控制执行的子系统
Action Port	对象	控制连接到If模块的If Action Subsystem模块的执行
连接	关系	连接Simulink仿真图中各模块
参数	属性	配置对象元模型的行为和特性

图3 起落架仿真模型构建流程

Fig. 3 The process of landing gear simulation model construction

图4 OSLC核心模型和模型映射关系

Fig. 4 OSLC core model and model mapping relationships

表2 OSLC核心模型与模型映射对象

Table 2 OSLC core model and model mapping objects

OSLC核心模型	架构模型	仿真模型
服务提供方目录	模型库	文件夹
服务提供方	模型	模型
服务	增删改查	增删改查
资源	视图、对象、端点、属性、关系、角色、约束	模型、子系统、模块、连接、参数

图5 起落架系统仿真模型解析流程

Fig. 5 The process of landing gear system simulation model analysis

表3 仿真模型与XML文件映射关系

Table 3 Simulation model and XML document mapping relationship

标签名	含义	关键属性
<Model>	模型定义标签。模型中所有内容通过该标签进行记录	-
<System>	子系统定义标签。子系统中的所有内容通过标签进行记录	-
<Block>	元素标签。包括元素部分部分信息，用于记录元素中的所有参数	BlockType：元素类型
		Name：元素名称
		SID：元素ID
<Line>	连接标签。记录连接线的始端、末端、分支、拐点信息	-
<P>	参数标签。参数名称和对应的通过该标签进行记录	Name：参数名称

图6 起落架系统仿真模型数据树格式

Fig. 6 Landing gear system simulation model data tree format

图7 起落架系统架构建模流程

Fig. 7 The process of landing gear system architecture modeling

图8 起落架系统仿真方案架构模型和仿真模型((a)起落架收放性能仿真方案架构模型；(b)起落架收放性能仿真模型)

Fig. 8 Landing gear system simulation scheme architecture model and simulation model ((a) Landing gear retracting and extending performance simulation scheme architecture model; (b) Landing gear retracting and extending performance simulation model)

图9 案例流程

Fig. 9 The process of case

图10 起落架系统模型集成实现((a)收放作动筒第一次仿真结果；(b)更改仿真方案架构模型；(c)更改仿真模型；(d)收放作动筒第二次仿真结果)

Fig. 10 Landing gear system model integration implementation ((a) First simulation results of the retracting and extending actuator cylinder; (b) Modify the simulation scheme architecture model; (c) Modify the simulation model; (d) Second simulation results of the retracting and extending actuator cylinder)

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面向MBSE的起落架系统模型集成技术

Model integration technology for landing gear systems based on MBSE

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