基于模型的复杂系统方案多维度综合权衡方法研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2026020432

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

复杂系统设计初期方案评估的科学性对研制成功至关重要。针对传统方案评估中存在的依赖专家经验、视角单一和数据关联性差等问题，提出一种基于模型的系统方案多维度综合权衡分析方法。借助基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)在架构建模与仿真方面的技术优势，首先构建了覆盖性能、技术、成本及周期的多维度指标体系；进而通过系统建模语言建立系统架构与参数模型的映射关系，实现了权衡指标与子系统参数的动态关联；在此基础上，采取参数归一及考虑正负收益的加权求和策略，并创新性地利用SysML参数图构建了多维度指标体系下的复杂系统综合权衡模型，并建立了七步法多维度综合权衡的分析流程。以航空发动机方案权衡为例进行验证，结果表明，该方法能够高效地对多个备选方案进行自动化综合评估和排序，验证了方法的工程实用性以及模型的有效性，为复杂系统方案评估提供了有效的模型化支持手段。

关键词: 架构模型, 权衡指标, 综合权衡模型, 多维度

Abstract:

The scientific evaluation of initial solutions in the early stages of complex system design is crucial to the success of the development. To address issues in traditional solution evaluation-such as reliance on expert experience, limited perspectives, and poor data correlation, a model-based multi-dimensional comprehensive trade-off analysis method for system solutions was proposed. Leveraging the technical advantages of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in architectural modeling and simulation, this method first constructed a multi-dimensional indicator system covering performance, technology, cost, and schedule. A mapping relationship was then established between system architecture and parameter models using the Systems Modeling Language, enabling dynamic association between trade-off indicators and subsystem parameters. On this basis, a parameter normalization and weighted summation approach was adopted, accounting for positive/negative effects, innovatively integrated with SysML parametric diagrams to construct a multi-dimensional indicator framework for comprehensive complex system trade-off modeling, along with establishing a seven-step analysis process for multi-dimensional comprehensive trade-off. Validation using aircraft engine solution trade-off case, demonstrated that this approach could efficiently and automatically evaluate and rank multiple alternative solutions, verifying the engineering practicality and the model effectiveness of the comprehensive trade-off analysis process. This approach provided an effective model-driven decision-making tool for evaluating complex system solutions.

Key words: architectural modeling, trade-off indicator, comprehensive trade-off model, multi-dimensional

中图分类号:

N941.4

贺文虎. 基于模型的复杂系统方案多维度综合权衡方法研究[J]. 图学学报, 2026, 47(2): 432-439.

HE Wenhu. Research on model-based multi-dimensional comprehensive trade-off method for complex system solutions[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2026, 47(2): 432-439.

图/表 9

图1 基于模型的多维度综合权衡分析流程

Fig. 1 Model-based multi-dimensional comprehensive trade-off analysis process

图2 航空发动机多维度权衡指标体系

Fig. 2 Multi-dimensional trade-off index system for aero engine

图3 航空发动机典型构型的系统架构模型

Fig. 3 System architecture model of typical configuration of aero engine

图4 系统权衡指标建模示例

Fig. 4 System trade-off indicator modeling

图5 航空发动机多维度综合权衡模型

Fig. 5 Multi-dimensional comprehensive trade-off model of aero engine

图6 实例化形成的部件/子系统备选方案

Fig. 6 Component/Subsystem alternatives formed by instantiation

图7 实例化形成的发动机备选方案示例

Fig. 7 Aero engine alternative solutions formed by instantiation

图8 发动机各项指标权衡结果示例

Fig. 8 Trade-off results of various aero engine indicator

图9 最终综合权衡得分

Fig. 9 Final comprehensive trade-off score

参考文献 19

[1]	刘继红, 解士昆, 陈建江, 等. 基于MBSE的复杂装备系统设计理论与实践[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2024.
	LIU J H, XIE S K, CHEN J J, et al. Model-based systems engineering for complex equipment design: theory and practice[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2024 (in Chinese).
[2]	赵晓虎, 孙杰, 吴慧伦, 等. 基于模型的复杂航天电子载荷系统工程技术方法[J]. 电讯技术, 2025, 65(3): 385-391.
	ZHAO X H, SUN J, WU H L, et al. A model-based complex spacecraft electronic payloads system engineering technology method[J]. Telecommunication Engineering, 2025, 65(3): 385-391 (in Chinese).
[3]	裴照宇, 任俊杰, 彭兢, 等. “嫦娥五号”任务总体方案权衡设计[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文), 2021, 8(3): 215-226.
	PEI Z Y, REN J J, PENG J, et al. Overall scheme trade-off design of Chang’E-5 mission[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2021, 8(3): 215-226 (in Chinese). DOI
[4]	MA J D, WANG G X, LU J Z, et al. Systematic literature review of MBSE tool-chains[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(7): 3431. DOI URL
[5]	王文跃, 侯俊杰, 毛寅轩, 等. 面向复杂产品研制的MBSE体系架构及其发展趋势研究[J]. 控制与决策, 2022, 37(12): 3073-3082.
	WANG W Y, HOU J J, MAO Y X, et al. MBSE architecture for complex product development and trends[J]. Control and Decision, 2022, 37(12): 3073-3082 (in Chinese).
[6]	卢元杰, 刘志敏, 孙智孝, 等. 基于模型的无人机系统架构综合评估方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2022, 44(4): 1239-1245. DOI
	LU Y J, LIU Z M, SUN Z X, et al. Model-based integrated evaluation of UAV system architecture[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2022, 44(4): 1239-1245 (in Chinese). DOI
[7]	袁文强, 陈波, 张世聪. 基于SysML的动车组牵引系统建模与方案权衡分析[J]. 杭州电子科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 44(2): 88-102.
	YUAN W Q, CHEN B, ZHANG S C. Modeling and scheme tradeoff analysis of EMU traction system based on SysML[J]. Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University (Natural Sciences), 2024, 44(2): 88-102 (in Chinese).
[8]	黄维娜, 朱晓泉, 潘辉, 等. 航空发动机模块化设计关键技术研究与展望[J]. 燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2025, 38(2): 4-12.
	HUANG W N, ZHU X Q, PAN H, et al. Research and prospective on key technologies of modular design for aero-engines[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2025, 38(2): 4-12 (in Chinese). DOI URL
[9]	郭宝柱, 王国新, 郑新华, 等. 系统工程: 基于国际标准过程的研究与实践[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2020: 1-294.
	GUO B Z, WANG G X, ZHENG X H, et al. Systems engineering: research and practice based on international standard processes[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2020: 1-294 (in Chinese).
[10]	刘玉生, 曹悦, 袁文强. 基于模型的系统工程: 建模与模型驱动技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2025: 1-305.
	LIU Y S, CAO Y, YUAN W Q. Model-based systems engineering: modeling and model-driven technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2025: 1-305 (in Chinese).
[11]	SHINEKHUU B, AOYAMA K. Modular design method considering system architecture in maritime radar system for autonomous ship[J]. INCOSE International Symposium, 2025, 35(1): 1364-1375. DOI URL
[12]	张芹, 孔庆山, 王小宁. 基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)实践入门[M]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2022.
	ZHANG Q, KONG Q S, WANG X N. Introduction to model-based systems engineering (MBSE) practices[M]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2022 (in Chinese).
[13]	梅芊, 黄丹, 卢艺. 基于MBSE的民用飞机功能架构设计方法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2019, 45(5): 1042-1051.
	MEI Q, HUANG D, LU Y. Design method of civil aircraft functional architecture based on MBSE[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019, 45(5): 1042-1051 (in Chinese).
[14]	傅飞, 徐王强. 基于FMI标准的无人机异构模型联合仿真方法研究[J]. 教练机, 2024(1): 38-42.
	FU F, XU W Q. Research on joint simulation method of heterogeneous UAV model based on FMI standard[J]. Trainer, 2024(1): 38-42 (in Chinese).
[15]	樊卿. 基于FMI的飞行器联合仿真技术研究[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2018.
	FAN Q. Research on joint simulation technology of aircraft based on FMI[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2018 (in Chinese).
[16]	ANDRADE C. Understanding the difference between standard deviation and standard error of the mean, and knowing when to use which[J]. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2020, 42(4): 409-410. DOI PMID
[17]	REHAM A, SAYED A, HANAN A S. Leveraging AHP and transfer learning in machine learning for improved prediction of infectious disease outbreaks[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 32163-32163. DOI
[18]	THOMAS K. Application of the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the regional sustainability of bioenergy developments[J]. Energy, 2013, 62(1): 393-402. DOI URL
[19]	YANG M, WU J, WANG Y X, et al. An optimally improved entropy weight method integrated with a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for complex environment systems[J]. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 2025, 32(2): 1-29. DOI