基于眼动追踪的塑壳断路器运行状态信息优化设计

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023061259

图学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1259-1266.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023061259

基于眼动追踪的塑壳断路器运行状态信息优化设计

李和森¹(), 陈影¹, 么大伟²

1.湖北美术学院工业设计学院，湖北武汉 430205
2.浙江正泰电器股份有限公司，上海 201600

收稿日期:2023-06-16 接受日期:2023-08-30 出版日期:2023-12-31 发布日期:2023-12-17
作者简介:第一联系人：
李和森(1980-)，男，副教授，博士。主要研究方向为图形信息可视化设计、计算机视觉等。E-mail：86353874@qq.com
基金资助:
湖北美术学院2020年度重大科研培育项目(20ZD03);湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(Provincial Social Science Pre-Funded Projects, 21ZD107)

Optimization design of operating state information of molded case circuit breaker based on eye tracking

LI He-sen¹(), CHEN Ying¹, YAO Da-wei²

1. School of Industrial Design, Hubei Institute of Fine Arts, Wuhan Hubei 430205, China
2. Zhejiang CHINT Electrics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, China

Received:2023-06-16 Accepted:2023-08-30 Online:2023-12-31 Published:2023-12-17
About author:First author contact:
LI He-sen (1980-), associate professor, Ph.D. His main research interests cover graphic information visualisation design, computer vision, etc. E-mail：86353874@qq.com
Supported by:
The Major Scientific Research Nurturing Funding Projects of Hubei Institute of Fine Arts in 2020(20ZD03);The Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of Universities in Hubei Province(Provincial Social Science Pre-Funded Projects, 21ZD107)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塑壳断路器是工业用电系统中不可或缺的基础电气设备。为了增强塑壳断路器运行状态信息的视觉识别效率，提出塑壳断路器断合闸符号改进设计方法。通过断合闸符号设计分析，归纳运行状态信息可视化偏低的原因。通过眼动追踪实验，运用首次进入时间、首次注视时长、总注视时长、热点分布、注视进度和主观量表等评估指标综合分析当前塑壳断路器运行状态信息的设计问题。根据实验结论析出了断合闸符号尺寸与颜色的改进设计要点。通过对比分析改进前方案的眼动追踪实验数据，验证改进方案断合闸符号设计的优越性。断合闸符号的改进研究为提高同类电气产品运行状态信息的可视化效果提供参考，眼动追踪实验在评估塑壳断路器运行状态信息可视化设计问题分析与改进方案的研究中，提供了关键技术支撑。

关键词: 塑壳断路器, 眼动追踪实验, 运行状态信息, 断合闸符号, 可视化

Abstract:

The molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) is an indispensable basic electrical component within industrial power systems. In order to enhance the visual recognition efficiency of the operational status information of MCCB, an improved design method for the open/close symbols of MCCB was proposed. The analysis of the open/close symbol design could lead to the summarization of reasons for the limited visualization of operational status information. By conducting eye-tracking experiments and utilizing evaluation indicators such as first entry time, first fixation duration, total fixation duration, hot spot distribution, fixation progression, and subjective questionnaires, the design issues of the current operational status information of MCCB were comprehensively analyzed. Based on the experimental conclusions, the key points for improving the size and color of the open/close symbols were proposed. The superiority of the improved open/close symbol design was verified through a comparative analysis of eye-tracking experimental data before the improvement. Furthermore, the research on the improvement of open/close symbols could serve as a reference for enhancing the visualization effect of operational status information in similar electrical products. Eye-tracking experiments could also provide key technical support for the analysis and enhancement of operational status information visualization in MCCB.

Key words: molded case circuit breaker, eye-tracking experiment, operational status information, open/close symbols, visualization

中图分类号:

TP391

李和森, 陈影, 么大伟. 基于眼动追踪的塑壳断路器运行状态信息优化设计[J]. 图学学报, 2023, 44(6): 1259-1266.

LI He-sen, CHEN Ying, YAO Da-wei. Optimization design of operating state information of molded case circuit breaker based on eye tracking[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(6): 1259-1266.

图/表 22

图1 研究对象

Fig. 1 Research object

图2 兴趣区划分((a)素材P1；(b)素材P2；(c)素材P3；(d)素材P4；(e)素材P5；(f)素材P6)

Fig. 2 Division of AOI ((a) Materials P1; (b) Materials P2; (c) Materials P3; (d) Materials P4; (e) Materials P5; (f) Materials P6)

图3 Tobii pro眼动仪

Fig. 3 Tobii pro eye tracker

图4 实验场景

Fig. 4 Experimental scene

表1 评估指标描述

Table 1 Description of assessment indicators

评估指标	含义及其与实验目标的相关性描述
首次进入时间	注视点首次进入某AOI的时间；时间越短，表明该AOI越易引起被试者关注^[12]
首次注视时长	注视点首次进入某AOI后停留的持续时间；时间越长，表明该AOI对于被试者的吸引力越强^[13]
总注视时长	所有注视点落在某AOI的持续时间总和；时间越长，该AOI所受关注度越高^[14]
主观量表	对断合闸符号视觉效果显著性强弱的主观评分，分值与满意度呈正相关
注视进度	可视化表达被试者对AOI的注视位置、注视时间、注视顺序的进度^[15]
热点分布	可视化表达被试者对AOI的关注度等级^[16-17]，用颜色区分，红、黄、绿分别代表高、中、低3个等级^[18]

表4 注视进度分析结果

Table 4 Results of gaze progress analysis

属性	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	P₅	P₆
I级	5	4	2	2	3	2
P (%)	29.412	23.529	11.765	11.765	17.647	11.765

图5 实验流程

Fig. 5 The experimental process

图6 断合闸符号设计显著性满意度评估主观量表

Fig. 6 Subjective scale for assessing satisfaction with of open / close symbols

表2 评估指标数据的平均值及标准差

Table 2 Mean and standard deviation of indicator data

素材		首次进入时间(s)	首次注视时长(s)	总注视时长(s)	主观评分
P₁	M	2.639	0.203	2.877	3.891
P₁	SD	0.451	0.029	0.501	0.573
P₂	M	2.197	0.206	2.894	3.929
P₂	SD	0.373	0.031	0.492	0.633
P₃	M	2.109	0.137	2.776	3.831
P₃	SD	0.361	0.027	0.451	0.629
P₄	M	2.733	0.134	3.119	3.641
P₄	SD	0.443	0.019	0.491	0.599
P₅	M	2.931	0.171	3.023	3.709
P₅	SD	0.441	0.031	0.511	0.651
P₆	M	2.853	0.167	3.092	3.683
P₆	SD	0.466	0.028	0.524	0.643

表3 评估指标数据单因素方差分析结果

Table 3 The results of one-way ANOVA were evaluated

指标	首次进入时间(s)	首次注视时长(s)	总注视时长(s)	主观型打分
F	2.993	1.364	1.528	0.934
P	0.731	0.846	0.181	0.633

图7 注视进度分析及颜色图例((a)素材P1；(b)素材P2；(c)素材P3；(d)素材P4；(e)素材P5；(f)素材P6)

Fig. 7 Gaze progress analysis and color legend ((a) Materials P1; (b) Materials P2; (c) Materials P3; (d) Materials P4; (e) Materials P5; (f) Materials P6)

图8 眼动热点分布((a)素材P1；(b)素材P2；(c)素材P3；(d)素材P4；(e)素材P5；(f)素材P6)

Fig. 8 Hot spot distribution of eye movement ((a) Materials P1; (b) Materials P2; (c) Materials P3; (d) Materials P4; (e) Materials P5; (f) Materials P6)

表5 兴趣区的总注视时间占比(%)

Table 5 The proportion of total fixation time in AOIs (%)

属性	AOI-1	AOI-2	AOI-3	无效区域
P₁	55.801	2.153	4.836	37.210
P₂	56.442	3.809	18.923	20.826
P₃	51.748	-	35.325	12.927
P₄	54.285	2.159	28.829	14.727
P₅	55.103	1.110	35.101	8.686
P₆	54.384	0.562	14.019	31.035

表6 AOI-1热点数据分析结果

Table 6 Analysis results of hot spot data

属性	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	P₅	P₆
I级	6	4	5	2	3	4
II级	11	13	12	15	14	13
P (%)	35.294	23.529	29.412	11.765	17.647	23.529

图9 改进设计方案

Fig. 9 Improved design scheme

图10 改进方案兴趣区划分

Fig. 10 Division of AOI about improvement

表7 改进方案评估指标数据平均值及标准差

Table 7 Mean and standard deviation of indicator data about improvement

样本		首次进入时间(s)	首次注视时长(s)	总注视时长(s)	主观型打分
改进方案	M	1.001	0.961	3.071	6.713
改进方案	SD	0.129	0.137	0.513	0.915

表8 改进方案评估指标数据单因素方差分析结果

Table 8 Results of one-way ANOVA about improvement

指标	首次进入时间(s)	首次注视时长(s)	总注视时长(s)	主观型打分
F	6.331	7.219	10.113	13.671
P	0.046	0.033	0.019	0.027

图11 图示化对比分析((a)首次进入时间；(b)首次注视时长；(c)总注视时长；(d)主观评分)

Fig. 11 Graphical comparative analysis ((a) First entry time; (b) First fixation duration; (c) Total fixation length; (d) Subjective scoring)

图12 注视进度分析及颜色图例

Fig. 12 Gaze progress analysis and color legend

图13 改进方案热点分布

Fig. 13 Hot spot distribution of improvement

表9 兴趣区的总注视时间占比

Table 9 The proportion of total fixation time in AOIs

兴趣区	总注视时间占比(%)				热点数据分析结果
兴趣区	AOI-1	AOI-2	AOI-3	无效区域	I级	II级	P (%)
改进方案	65.201	17.664	10.023	7.112	14	3	82.353

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基于眼动追踪的塑壳断路器运行状态信息优化设计

Optimization design of operating state information of molded case circuit breaker based on eye tracking

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