汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验评价研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025020459

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验评价问题，针对自动驾驶接管系统人机界面开展评价指标体系和验证研究。首先，基于深度访谈和扎根理论，通过对典型目标对象进行访谈，建立自动驾驶接管系统人机界面体验评价指标体系，包括安全体验、功能体验、效能体验和感性体验4个维度，共18项指标组成，并完成自动驾驶接管系统人机界面体验评价量表。然后，采用结构方程模型方法，通过采集有效问卷241份，构建自动驾驶接管系统人机界面体验评价结构方程模型，并得到评价维度和指标的权重。最后，提出汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面的设计策略，以某L3级自动驾驶接管系统人机界面为设计案例实践，验证了评价系统的有效性。研究结论为汽车自动驾驶系统界面设计和体验评价领域提供相关参考和支持。

关键词: 汽车自动驾驶接管系统, 人机界面, 用户体验评价, 扎根理论, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

To address the user experience evaluation problem of the human machine interface in autonomous driving takeover systems, a study was conducted on the evaluation index system and validation research of the autonomous driving takeover system. Firstly, based on in-depth interview and grounded theory, interviews were conducted with typical target individuals to establish an evaluation index system for the human-machine interface experience of autonomous driving takeover systems. The index system was composed of 18 indicators in four dimensions, namely safety experience, functional experience, efficiency experience and emotional experience. An evaluation scale for human-machine interface experience of autonomous driving takeover system was subsequently completed. Then, using the structural equation model method, 241 valid questionnaires were collected to construct a structural equation model of human machine interface experience evaluation of autonomous driving takeover system, and the evaluation dimension and index weights were determined. Finally, the design strategy for the human machine interface of the autonomous driving takeover system was proposed. The effectiveness of the evaluation system was verified through a design case study of the human machine interface of an L3 level autonomous driving takeover system. The research results provided relevant references and support for the field of interface design and experience evaluation of automotive autonomous driving system.

Key words: automotive autonomous driving takeover system, human machine interface, user experience evaluation, grounded theory, structural equation model

中图分类号:

TP391
U463

吴磊, 盛芹芹, 赵睿思. 汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验评价研究[J]. 图学学报, 2025, 46(2): 459-468.

WU Lei, SHENG Qinqin, ZHAO Ruisi. User experience evaluation of human machine interface in automotive autonomous driving takeover system[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(2): 459-468.

图/表 15

图1 自动驾驶接管过程

Fig. 1 The process of autonomous driving takeover

图2 选择性编码分析

Fig. 2 Selective coding analysis

图3 专家意见指导下的指标修改与调整

Fig. 3 Index modification and adjustment under the guidance of expert advice

图4 自动驾驶接管系统体验评价量表

Fig. 4 Experience evaluation scale for autonomous driving takeover system

表1 区分效度分析

Table 1 Discriminative validity analysis

编号	模型	CMIN/DF	CFI	NFI	RMSEA	模型比较	Δx2	Δdf
1	原模型	1.642	0.950	0.882	0.052	-	-	-
2	三因子模型一	1.765	0.907	0.873	0.056	2vs1	17.881***	1
3	三因子模型二	1.864	0.899	0.865	0.600	3vs1	30.909***	1
4	三因子模型三	1.933	0.897	0.860	0.620	4vs1	39.989***	1
5	二因子模型	2.041	0.890	0.850	0.660	5vs1	58.415***	3
6	单因子模型	2.143	0.883	0.842	0.690	6vs1	74.087***	4

表2 结构方程模型适配度检验表

Table 2 Structural equation model fit test table

拟合指标	推荐范围	测量值	是否符合标准
CMIN/DF	<3.00	1.642	<3.00可接受，良好
RMR	<0.05	0.023	<0.05可接受，良好
RMSEA	<0.05	0.052	<0.08可接受，良好
GFI	>0.90	0.914	>0.90可接受，良好
AGFI	>0.90	0.888	>0.80可接受，良好
NFI	>0.90	0.882	>0.80可接受，良好
CFI	>0.90	0.950	>0.90可接受，良好
IFI	>0.90	0.950	>0.90可接受，良好

图5 结构方程模型路径系数

Fig. 5 Structural equation model path coefficient

表3 模型的假设检验

Table 3 Hypothesis testing of the model

作用路径	非标准化负荷量	S.E.	C.R.(t-value)	P	标准化负荷量	结论
功能体验<---用户体验评价	1.000	-	-	-	0.925	支持
效能体验<---用户体验评价	1.020	0.136	7.504	*	0.882	支持
安全体验<---用户体验评价	0.926	0.115	8.039	*	0.950	支持
感性体验<---用户体验评价	0.929	0.120	7.738	*	0.907	支持

表4 假设检验结果

Table 4 Hypothesis test result

序号	模型假设	结果
H1	安全体验对汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验有正向影响	成立
H2	功能体验对汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验有正向影响	成立
H3	效能体验对汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验有正向影响	成立
H4	感性体验对汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面用户体验有正向影响	成立

图6 汽车自动驾驶接管系统人机界面设计策略

Fig. 6 Design strategy of human machine interface for automotive autonomous driving takeover system

图7 评估实验界面材料

Fig. 7 Evaluate experimental interface materials

图8 评估实验环境

Fig. 8 Experimental environment for evaluation

图9 设计评估流程

Fig. 9 Design evaluation process

图10 评价量表各指标得分汇总

Fig. 10 Scores for each indicator of the evaluation scale

图11 自动驾驶接管界面设计((a)请求接管前界面设计；(b)请求接管界面设计)

Fig. 11 Design of autonomous driving takeover interface ((a) Interface design before requesting takeover; (b) Interface design for requesting takeover)

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