基于数字孪生技术的航天器机构生产线平衡研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024020332

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着航天强国建设进一步推进，航天器发射数量不断增加，作为航天器机构重要产品的形状记忆合金压紧释放装置需求量不断增长，亟需建立符合航天产品生产特点的数字化、智能化生产线。针对航天器形状记忆合金压紧释放装置生产特点，提出了航天器机构制造过程中产品数字孪生模型、设备数字孪生模型和制造过程数字孪生模型共3种数字孪生信息模型，设计了数字孪生生产线功能模块，提出了基于工业工程(IE)方法与遗传算法的生产线工艺平衡方法，研发了基于数字孪生的信息集成与应用原型系统，开发了数字孪生服务接口与人机界面，形成了自动化、数字化和智能化生产线，实现了航天器机构产品、设备、过程数字孪生的信息集成应用，实现了虚实生产线的同步运行与实时交互，并显著提升了航天器形状记忆合金压紧释放装置生产能力。

关键词: 数字孪生, 生产线, 平衡, 航天器机构, 遗传算法

Abstract:

With the development of China’s aerospace, the increasing number of spacecrafts launches, and the rising demand for shape memory alloy hold-down and release mechanisms for spacecrafts, it is urgent to establish a digital and intelligent production line tailored to the production characteristics of spacecraft products. In this paper, according to the production characteristics of spacecraft shape memory alloy hold-down and release mechanisms, three digital twin models were proposed: the product digital twin model, equipment digital twin model and manufacturing process digital twin model in the manufacturing process of spacecraft mechanisms. The functional module of the digital twin workshop was designed, and a process balancing method of the production line based on industrial engineering (IE) and genetic algorithms was proposed. Furthermore, an information integration and application prototype system based on the digital twin was developed, along with the development of digital twin service interfaces and human-machine interfaces. An automated, digital, and intelligent production line has been established, achieving the information integration and application of digital twins of spacecraft mechanisms, equipment and processes. This has enabled synchronous operation and real-time interaction between virtual and real workshops, significantly boosting the production capacity of spacecraft shape memory alloy hold-down and release mechanisms.

Key words: digital twin, production line, balance, spacecraft mechanisms, genetic algorithm

中图分类号:

TP391

庞博, 杨辉, 于荣荣, 张浩月, 罗强. 基于数字孪生技术的航天器机构生产线平衡研究[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(2): 332-338.

PANG Bo, YANG Hui, YU Rongrong, ZHANG Haoyue, LUO Qiang. Research on spacecraft mechanisms production line balance based on digital twin technology[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(2): 332-338.

图/表 8

图1 航天器机构生产线数字孪生构建

Fig. 1 Spacecraft mechanism production line digital twin

表1 ECRS分析与解决方案

Table 1 ECRS analysis and solutions

原则	原因分析	解决方案
取消 Eliminate	对于没必要做的工作就取消	直接取消
合并 Combine	对于2个及以上的工序考虑能否合并	将需要检查的2处工作交给同一员工
调整顺序 Rearrange	对于人员、地点、时间的顺序是否能调整	术业专攻、统筹安排
简化 Simplify	有没有更加简单地作业方法	引进设备、制作工装

图2 数字孪生虚拟生产线的构建

Fig. 2 Construction of digital twin virtual workshop

图3 产线综合监控

Fig. 3 Production line comprehensive monitoring

图4 设备状态健康监测系统

Fig. 4 Equipment status health monitoring system

图5 物料状态监测系统

Fig. 5 Material condition monitoring system

图6 刚度标定工序自动化升级

Fig. 6 Upgrade on stiffness calibration process

表2 机构生产线工艺平衡前后数据对比

Table 2 production line data comparison before and after balancing

序号	阶段	站点数/个	生产节拍/h	平衡率/%
1	原状态	10	4.8	77.3
2	建设后	10	3.2	91.2

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