工艺参数对电子束冷床熔炼凝固过程的影响

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025040883

图学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 883-887.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025040883

工艺参数对电子束冷床熔炼凝固过程的影响

冉杭(), 刘宇, 肖君豪, 赵兵()

青海大学机械工程学院，青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2024-12-13 修回日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-08-11
通讯作者:赵兵(1982-)，男，副教授，博士。主要研究方向为装配工艺基础理论、数字化与智能化制造等。E-mail：Zzipwe@126.com
第一作者:冉杭(2001-)，男，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为数字孪生。E-mail：3292918284@qq.com

Effect of process parameters on the solidification process of electron beam cold hearth melting

RAN Hang(), LIU Yu, XIAO Junhao, ZHAO Bing()

School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining Qinghai 810016, China

Received:2024-12-13 Revised:2025-03-31 Published:2025-08-30 Online:2025-08-11
First author：RAN Hang (2001-), master student. His main research interest covers digital twins. E-mail：3292918284@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在电子束冷床熔炼炉(EB炉)中熔铸TC4钛锭的过程中，工艺参数的精确控制对于确保钛锭最终质量至关重要。针对这一过程中可能出现的质量问题，采用有限元方法对TC4钛锭在EB炉中的凝固过程进行了详细地计算与分析，研究了在不同浇注温度和不同浇注速度下钛锭凝固过程的熔池形貌变化。研究表明：升高浇注温度会导致TC4钛锭的液相线和固相线深度增加，这增强了流动性并有助于晶粒均匀分布，固液相线间的宽度减小，减少了固液共存的时间；而提高浇注速度会使熔池深度和宽度增大，糊状区扩展，温度梯度减小，固相率降低，晶粒均匀性下降。此外，该研究为电子束冷床熔炼TC4钛锭的工艺参数优化提供了理论支持，合理控制2个参数可改善凝固组织和提升钛锭性能。

关键词: 凝固过程, 形貌特征, 糊状区宽度, 工艺参数, 仿真研究

Abstract:

In the process of casting TC4 titanium ingots in an electron beam cooled bed melting furnace (EB furnace), precise control of process parameters is essential for the final quality of the titanium ingots. To address the possible quality problems in this process, the finite element method was used to calculate and analyze the solidification process of TC4 titanium ingot in EB furnace in detail, and the morphology of the molten pool of titanium ingot was studied under different pouring temperatures and different pouring speeds. The results showed that increasing the pouring temperature led to the increase of the liquidus and solidus depth of TC4 titanium ingots, which enhanced the fluidity, promoted the uniform distribution of grains, and reduced the width between the solids and liquids and the time of solid-liquid coexistence. Increasing the pouring speed enlarged the depth and width of the melt pool, expanded the paste zone, decreased the temperature gradient, lowered the solid-state ratio, and reduced the grain uniformity. In addition, this study provided theoretical support for the optimization of process parameters for electron beam cooled bed melting of TC4 titanium ingots, demonstrating that reasonable control of these two parameters could improve the solidification structure and performance of titanium ingots.

Key words: solidification process, morphological characteristics, width of the paste zone, process parameters, simulation studies

中图分类号:

TG243

冉杭, 刘宇, 肖君豪, 赵兵. 工艺参数对电子束冷床熔炼凝固过程的影响[J]. 图学学报, 2025, 46(4): 883-887.

RAN Hang, LIU Yu, XIAO Junhao, ZHAO Bing. Effect of process parameters on the solidification process of electron beam cold hearth melting[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(4): 883-887.

图/表 10

图1 EB炉熔炼区域的结构示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the melting area structure in the EB furnace

图2 EB炉熔炼原理图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the melting principle in the EB furnace

图3 铸锭的剖析图

Fig. 3 Anatomy of an ingot

图4 钛锭的建模与网格划分

Fig. 4 Modeling and meshing of the titanium ingot

图5 TC4的物理参数((a) 密度；(b) 导热系数；(c) 热焓)

Fig. 5 Physical properties of TC4 titanium alloy ((a) Density; (b) Thermal conductivity; (c) Heat enthalpy)

图6 TC4的熔铸凝固图

Fig. 6 Solidification diagram during the casting of TC4 titanium alloy

图7 温度对熔池的影响

Fig. 7 The effect of temperature on the molten pool

表1 温度与熔池的关系

Table 1 Relationship between temperature and melt pool

熔池参数	浇注温度/K
熔池参数	1973	2073	2173
液相线深度(h1)/mm	37.3	46.3	61.8
固相线深度(h2)/mm	48.1	55.2	70.2
糊状区宽度(h2-h1)/mm	10.8	8.9	8.4

图8 速度对熔池的影响

Fig. 8 The effect of speed on the molten pool

表2 速度与熔池的关系

Table 2 Relationship between velocity and melt pool

熔池参数	浇注速度/(m/s)
熔池参数	0.0095	0.0195	0.0300
液相线深度(h1)/mm	46.3	75.5	103.8
固相线深度(h2)/mm	55.2	92.2	110.1
糊状区宽度(h2-h1)/mm	8.9	10.3	14.1

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工艺参数对电子束冷床熔炼凝固过程的影响

Effect of process parameters on the solidification process of electron beam cold hearth melting

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