Evaluation of optimal design of human-machine interface for subway dispatching based on visual factors

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025010200

Abstract

Abstract:

To optimize the task performance of subway dispatchers, the method was to construct a virtual human model using CATIA and divide the view level. The scheduling interface and view were rasterized, and a human-machine layout optimization model was constructed. The scheduling interface was modularized, and the importance of each module was analyzed. Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, inertia weight was introduced to obtain the optimal layout plan. Based on the optimization strategy for human-machine interface information display, the color, font, and icon of the human-machine interface were optimized and designed. An eye-tracking experimental platform was built, with AOI first fixation time, AOI fixation duration, AOI fixation frequency, AOI average reaction time, and hotspot map selected as evaluation indicators for human-machine interface task performance. The results demonstrated that: ① The layout design obtained from the human-machine layout optimization model increased the dispatcher's attention by 52%. ② The first fixation time, AOI fixation duration, and AOI average reaction time all had P-values less than 0.05, indicating significant differences; the optimized scheduling interface achieved a 50% increase in average AOI response time. ③ Although the P-value of AOI fixation frequency was greater than 0.05 and lacked statistical significance, data comparison analysis revealed its practical significance. ④ The hotspot map conformed to the level divisions of the field of view, and eye tracking was mainly concentrated within the optimal field of view area. The layout scheme and information display optimization strategy derived from the constructed human-machine layout optimization model for human-machine interface design can facilitate the rational allocation of attention among dispatchers, enhance their task performance, and provide reference for optimizing human-machine interface design.

Key words: subway dispatcher, human machine interface, eye movement experiment, particle swarm algorithm

CLC Number:

LI Bo, XUAN Jinge, XUE Yanmin, YU Suihuai, WANG Juan. Evaluation of optimal design of human-machine interface for subway dispatching based on visual factors[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(1): 200-210.

Figures/Tables 26

Fig. 1 Simulation of the dispatcher's field of view

Fig. 2 Horizontal visual field of a person

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of human-machine interface division

Fig. 4 Each object of the human-machine interface is modularized

Table 1 Scale table 1~9 levels of analytic hierarchy process

因素i比因素j	量化值
同等重要	1
稍微重要	3
较强重要	5
强烈重要	7
极端重要	9
两相邻判断的中间值	2，4，6，8

Table 2 Random consistency index

矩阵阶数	R_I
1	0.00
2	0.00
3	0.58
4	0.90
5	1.12
6	1.24
7	1.32
8	1.41
9	1.45

Fig. 5 Scheduling man-machine interface

Table 3 The number of units of each module in different areas before optimization

区域	模块								合计
区域	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	合计
A区	0	3	11	1	6	6	1	2	30
B区	0	3	8	6	0	0	6	2	25
C区	9	1	0	0	0	0	0	10	20
合计	9	7	19	7	6	6	7	14	75

Table 4 Importance of each module

参数	模块
参数	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
权重	0.127 3	0.219 3	0.171 8	0.307 2	0.174 5	0.174 5	0.307 2	0.171 8

Table 5 Consistency test results

检验项目	结果
C_I值	0.024
R_I值	1.120
C_R值	0.021
一致性检验结果	通过

Table 6 The number of units of each module in different areas after optimization

区域	模块								合计
区域	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	合计
A区	1	2	16	14	0	0	11	4	48
B区	2	4	14	1	10	10	1	2	44
C区	12	2	0	0	0	0	0	8	22
合计	15	8	30	15	10	10	12	14	114

Fig. 6 Optimized human-machine interface layout

Table 7 Visibility of different color combinations

背景色	目标色优先选择顺序
黑	白>黄>橙黄>橙>红>绿>蓝
白	黑>红>紫>紫红>蓝>绿>黄
蓝	白>黄>橙黄>橙>红>黑>绿
黄	黑>红>蓝>蓝紫>黄绿>绿>白
绿	白>黄>红>黑>橙黄>蓝>紫
紫	白>黄>橙黄>橙>绿>蓝>黑>红
灰	黄>黄绿>橙>紫>蓝>黑

Fig. 7 Overall color matching of the interface

Fig. 8 Font style

Fig. 9 Icon style

Fig. 10 Screen door interface display

Fig. 11 Screen door alarm information display

Fig. 12 Division of interest area in scheduling interface before optimization

Fig. 13 Division of interest area in optimized scheduling interface

Table 8 First fixation time before and after scheduling interface optimization

界面	兴趣区域				均值	标准差
界面	AOI1	AOI2	AOI3	AOI4	均值	标准差
优化前	44.70	45.88	45.77	47.74	46.02	0.98
优化后	30.77	23.99	26.08	36.45	29.32	4.79

Table 9 Fixation duration before and after scheduling interface optimization

界面	兴趣区域				均值	标准差
界面	AOI1	AOI2	AOI3	AOI4	均值	标准差
优化前	6.56	12.81	14.59	8.62	10.65	3.20
优化后	2.51	5.57	6.73	4.41	4.81	1.59

Table 10 Fixation times before and after scheduling interface optimization

界面	兴趣区域				均值	标准差
界面	AOI1	AOI2	AOI3	AOI4	均值	标准差
优化前	11	25	25	15	19	6.16
优化后	13	43	38	10	26	14.65

Table 11 Average reaction time before and after scheduling interface optimization

界面	兴趣区域				均值	标准差
界面	AOI1	AOI2	AOI3	AOI4	均值	标准差
优化前	0.43	1.02	1.08	0.97	0.88	0.26
优化后	0.19	0.46	0.52	0.59	0.44	0.15

Fig. 14 Total hot spot of eye movement of the optimized screen door

Fig. 15 Eye movement hotspot map of the optimized screen door

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