The blade profile is characteristic of abrupt curvature and needs to be processed in different areas. The precise identification of the microstructure area and the splicing of the polishing path are the key to improving the consistency of the blade surface quality. To address this problem, this paper proposed to identify the front and rear edge microstructure areas based on the tangent vector angle of the section line, and to identify the root transition arc microstructure area based on the normal vector registration of the section line. According to the matching of the maximum processing belt width and the polishing point, the transition arc microstructure area of the front, the rear edge, and the blade root was spliced with the blade pot and the blade back polishing path, respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with traditional arc recognition methods, the proposed method can more effectively retain the contour information of the microstructure area. Compared with the polishing method without path splicing, the accuracy of the blade profile after polishing increased by 49.52%, the surface roughness by 57.31%, and the consistency of the processing quality by 7.15% and 11.55%. These results prove that the identification of the microstructure area and the path splicing can effectively improve the consistency of the blade processing quality.