基于语义网的 BIM 结构模型合规性审查方法

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023020368

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前建筑信息模型(BIM)合规性审查具有耗费人力和自动化程度较低等特点，提出一种基于语义网的 BIM 结构设计模型合规性审查方法。方法包括规范转译、BIM 模型信息处理和合规审查 3 个子模块。规范转译子模块可实现将半结构化设计规范条款转换为结构化知识并进行灵活查询与推理；BIM 模型信息处理子模块可实现 BIM 模型信息的提取、转换与映射；合规审查子模块可实现规则的执行和审查报告生成。方法实现从一阶谓词逻辑表示结构设计规范的方式出发，借助本体构建工具 protégé，将 BIM 结构设计模型信息和设计规范条款，通过映射和语义网规则语言(SWRL)转译到采用本体构建的知识库中，进而实现对 BIM 模型相关信息的查询、推理和设计审查，最后通过框架结构实例验证了方法有效性和可行性，为基于 BIM 模型的结构设计自动化合规性审查提供一种参考方法。

关键词:

"> 语义网；合规性审查；建筑信息模型；本体；结构设计

Abstract:

In view of the labor-intensive and low automation of the building information modeling (BIM) compliance checking process, a semantic web-based compliance checking approach for BIM structural model was proposed. The approach included three sub-modules: specification translation, BIM model processing, and compliance checking. The specification translation sub-module can transform semi-structured design specification clauses into structured knowledge, allowing for flexible query and reasoning. The BIM model processing sub-module can realize the extraction, transformation, and mapping of BIM model information. The compliance checking sub-module can implement the rules and generate checking reports. The method started from the way that the first order predicate logic represented the structural design specification. By deploying the ontology construction tool protégé, the BIM structural model information and design specification clauses were translated into the ontology knowledge base through mapping and semantic web rule language (SWRL), thus enabling the query, reasoning, and compliance checking of the BIM structural model. Finally, the frame-structure project verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the approach. This study could provide a reference method for automatic compliance checking of structural design based on BIM models.

Key words:

semantic web, compliance checking, building information modeling, ontology, structural design

中图分类号:

TP 391

张吉松, 于泽涵, 李海江 . 基于语义网的 BIM 结构模型合规性审查方法[J]. 图学学报, 2023, 44(2): 368-379.

ZHANG Ji-song , YU Ze-han , LI Hai-jiang. Compliance checking approach for BIM structural model under semantic web [J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(2): 368-379.

参考文献

[1] 蔡亮, 张文玉, 孟岚. 德国建设工程设计审查监管情况介绍与启示[J]. 建设监理, 2017(9): 62-65. CAI L, ZHANG W Y, MENG L. Introduction and enlightenment of supervision of construction engineering design review in Germany[J]. Project Management, 2017(9): 62-65 (in Chinese).

[2] 王亚楠, 彭亚萍, 赵劲松. 基于 AutoCAD 的二次开发实现框架结构数字化审核[J]. 工业建筑, 2018, 48: 119-128. WANG Y N, PENG Y P, ZHAO J S. Realization of digital audit of frame structure based on secondary development of Autocad[J]. Industrial Construction, 2018, 48: 119-128 (in Chinese).

[3] 龙资. 框架结构施工图审查过程数字化的研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2014. LONG Z. The procedural digital research for construction drawing review of frame structure[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2014 (in Chinese).

[4] 褚江. 剪力墙及框架—剪力墙结构施工图审查过程数字化的研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2014. CHU J. The research of construction drawing review digitization about shearwall structure and frame-shearwall structure[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2014 (in Chinese).

[5] 姜柳, 史健勇, 付功义, 等. 基于 BIM 和深度学习的建筑平面凹凸不规则识别[J]. 图学学报, 2022, 43(3): 522-529. JIANG L, SHI J Y, FU G Y, et al. Identification of the plane irregularity of structures based on BIM and deep learning[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2022, 43(3): 522-529 (in Chinese).

[6] 孙澄宇, 柯勋. 建筑设计中 BIM 模型的自动规范检查方法研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2016, 32(4): 140-145. SUN C Y, KE X. Method of automatic design code checking for BIM models[J]. Building Science, 2016, 32(4): 140-145 (in Chinese).

[7] 张吉松, 赵丽华, 崔英辉, 等. 基于 BIM 模型的结构设计审查方法研究[J]. 图学学报, 2021, 42(1): 133-140. ZHANG J S, ZHAO L H, CUI Y H, et al. Code compliance checking of structural design based on BIM model[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2021, 42(1): 133-140 (in Chinese).

[8] 张荷花, 顾明. BIM 模型智能检查工具研究与应用[J]. 土木建筑工程信息技术, 2018, 10(2): 1-6. ZHANG H H, GU M. Research and application of intelligent BIM model checking tools[J]. Journal of Information Technology in Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2018, 10(2): 1-6 (in Chinese).

[9] 张笑彦. 计算式 BIM 技术在建筑设计合规性审查中的应用研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2021. ZHANG X Y. Research on the application of computational BIM technology in the compliance checking for architectural design[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao Technology University, 2021 (in Chinese).

[10] 刘洪. 基于 BIM 的结构设计规范审查方法研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2017. LIU H. Research on BIM-based examination method of code for structural design[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2017 (in Chinese).

[11] CHOI J, CHOI J, KIM I. Development of BIM-based evacuation regulation checking system for high-rise and complex buildings[J]. Automation in Construction, 2014, 46: 38-49.

[12] ZHONG B T, DING L Y, LUO H B, et al. Ontology-based semantic modeling of regulation constraint for automated construction quality compliance checking[J]. Automation in Construction, 2012, 28: 58-70.

[13] ZHANG S J, TEIZER J, LEE J K, et al. Building information modeling and safety: automatic safety checking of construction models and schedules[J]. Automation in Construction, 2013, 29: 183-195.

[14] TAN X Y, HAMMAD A, FAZIO P. Automated code compliance checking for building envelope design[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2010, 24(2): 203-211.

[15] HÄUßLER M, ESSER S, BORRMANN A. Code compliance checking of railway designs by integrating BIM, BPMN and DMN[J]. Automation in Construction, 2021, 121: 103427.

[16] XU X, CAI H B. Semantic approach to compliance checking of underground utilities[J]. Automation in Construction, 2020, 109: 103006.

[17] 高歌, 张越美, 刘寒, 等. 基于知识库的 IFC 模型检查方法研究[J]. 图学学报, 2019, 40(6): 1099-1108. GAO G, ZHANG Y M, LIU H, et al. Research on IFC model checking method based on knowledge base[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2019, 40(6): 1099-1108 (in Chinese).

[18] 刘毅, 吴浪韬, 梁雄, 等. 知识图谱在 BIM 模型审查中的应用研究[C]//第六届全国 BIM 学术会议论文集. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2020: 122-126. LIU Y, WU L T, LIANG X, et al. Research on application of knowledge graph in BIM model review[C]//The 6th National BIM Conference. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2020: 122-126 (in Chinese).

[19] 周俊羽, 向星磊, 马智亮. 基于知识图谱的 BIM 机电模型构件拓扑关系自动检查方法[C]//第七届全国 BIM 学术会议论文集. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2021: 479-483. ZHOU J Y, XIANG X L, MA Z L. Automatic checking method of component topological relationship of BIM electromechanical model based on knowledge graph[C]//The 7th National BIM Conference. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2021: 479-483 (in Chinese).

[20] 郑哲, 周育丞, 林佳瑞, 等. 基于知识图谱的性能化消防设计审查方法[C]//第七届全国 BIM 学术会议论文集. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2021: 474-478. ZHENG Z, ZHOU Y C, LIN J R, et al. Performance based fire protection design review method based on knowledge graph[C]//The 7th National BIM Conference. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2021: 474-478 (in Chinese).

[21] 吴浪韬, 冷烁, 梁雄, 等. 建筑机电设备知识图谱的构建和应用[C]//第七届全国 BIM 学术会议论文集. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2021: 489-496. WU L T, LENG S, LIANG X, et al. Construction and application of knowledge graph of building electromechanical equipment[C]//The 7th National BIM Conference. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2021: 474-478 (in Chinese).

[22] 姜韶华, 周涵. 支持建设行业合规性检查的语义方法[J]. 土木工程与管理学报, 2017, 34(5): 60-65, 89. JIANG S H, ZHOU H. Semantic-based approach for compliance checking of construction industry[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2017, 34(5): 60-65, 89 (in Chinese).

[23] 林佳瑞, 郭建锋. 基于 BIM 的合规性自动审查[J]. 清华大学学报: 自然科学版, 2020, 60(10): 873-879. LIN J R, GUO J F. BIM-based automatic compliance checking[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology, 2020, 60(10): 873-879 (in Chinese).

[24] ZHOU Y C, ZHENG Z, LIN J R, et al. Integrating NLP and context-free grammar for complex rule interpretation towards automated compliance checking[J]. Computers in Industry, 2022, 142: 103746.

[25] ZHENG Z, ZHOU Y C, LU X Z, et al. Knowledge-informed semantic alignment and rule interpretation for automated compliance checking[J]. Automation in Construction, 2022, 142: 104524.

[26] JOAO S J, PATRICIA T, JULIANA P B, et al. Automated compliance checking in healthcare buildings design[J]. Automation in Construction. 2021(129): 103822.

[27] ZHENG Z, LU X Z, CHEN K Y, et al. Pretrained domain-specific language model for natural language processing tasks in the AEC domain[J]. Computers in Industry, 2022, 142: 103733.

[28] SOLIBRI INC. Solibri model checker[EB/OL]. (2018-02-10) [2022-05-01]. http://www.solibri.com/.

[29] GREENWOOD D, LOCKLEY S, MALSANE S, et al. Automated compliance checking using building information models[C]//The Construction, Building and Real Estate Research Conference of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. Paris: RICS, 2010: 266-274.

[30] MALSANE S, MATTHEWS J, LOCKLEY S, et al. Development of an object model for automated compliance checking[J]. Automation in Construction, 2015, 49: 51-58.

[31] EASTMAN C, LEE J M, JEONG Y S, et al. Automatic rule-based checking of building designs[J]. Automation in Construction, 2009, 18(8): 1011-1033.

[32] 王诗旭. 基于 BIM 的规则检查技术辅助建筑设计方法研究: 以四川大学华西医技楼项目为例[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2015. WANG S X. A study on the method of architecture design assited by rule checking technology based on BIM-practice and exploration on the Sichuan university, west China hospital medical technology building project[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2015 (in Chinese).

[33] ZHANG J S, EL-GOHARY N M. Integrating semantic NLP and logic reasoning into a unified system for fully-automated code checking[J]. Automation in Construction, 2017, 73: 45-57.

[34] BERNERS-LEE T, HENDLER J, LASSILA O. The semantic web[J]. Scientific American, 2001, 284(5): 34.

[35] PAUWELS P, ZHANG S J. Semantic rule-checking for regulation compliance checking: an overview of strategies and approaches[C]//The 32th International CIB W78 Conference. Eindhoven: CRC Press, 2015: 619-628.

[36] DEBORAH L M, FRANK V H. OWL web ontology language overview[EB/OL]. (2004-02-10) [2022-05-10]. https://static. twoday.net/71desa1bif/files/W3C-OWL-Overview.pdf.

[37] GOMEZ-PEREZ A, CORCHO O. Ontology languages for the semantic web[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2002, 17(1): 54-60.

[38] PAUWELS P, ZHANG S J, LEE Y C. Semantic web technologies in AEC industry: a literature overview[J]. Automation in Construction, 2017, 73: 145-165.

[39] YURCHYSHYNA A, ZARLI A. An ontology-based approach for formalisation and semantic organisation of conformance requirements in construction[J]. Automation in Construction, 2009, 18(8): 1084-1098.

[40] PAUWELS P, VERSTRAETEN R, DE MEYER R, et al. Semantics-based design: can ontologies help in a preliminary design phase?[J]. Design Principles and Practices: an International Journal-Annual Review, 2009, 3(5): 263-276.

[41] PAUWELS P, PLANNING U, DE MEYER R, et al. Visualisation of semantic architectural information within a game engine environment[C]//The 10th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality. Sendai: CONVR2010 Organizing Committee, 2010: 219-228.

[42] PAUWELS P, VAN DEURSEN D, DE ROO J, et al. Three-dimensional information exchange over the semantic web for the domain of architecture, engineering, and construction[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 2011, 25(4): 317-332.

[43] REZGUI Y, BODDY S, WETHERILL M, et al. Past, present and future of information and knowledge sharing in the construction industry: towards semantic service-based e-construction?[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2011, 43(5): 502-515.

[44] HJELSETH E, NISBET N. Exploring semantic based model checking[C]//The 27th CIB W78 International Conference. Cairo, Egypt: CIB W78, 2010: 54-64.

[45] HJELSETH E, NISBET N. Capturing normative constraints by use of the semantic mark-up RASE methodology[C]//The CIB W78-W102 Conference. Sophia Antipolis: CIB W78-W102, 2011: 1-10.

[46] PAUWELS P, VAN DEURSEN D, VERSTRAETEN R, et al. A semantic rule checking environment for building performance checking[J]. Automation in Construction, 2011, 20(5): 506-518.

[47] PAUWELS P, TERKAJ W. EXPRESS to OWL for construction industry: towards a recommendable and usable ifcOWL ontology[J]. Automation in Construction, 2016, 63: 100-133.

[48] PAUWELS P, KRIJNEN T, TERKAJ W, et al. Enhancing the ifcOWL ontology with an alternative representation for geometric data[J]. Automation in Construction, 2017, 80: 77-94.

[49] BEACH T H, REZGUI Y, LI H, et al. A rule-based semantic approach for automated regulatory compliance in the construction sector[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2015, 42(12): 5219-5231.

[50] ZHANG J S, EL-GOHARY N M. Semantic NLP-based information extraction from construction regulatory documents for automated compliance checking[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2016, 30(2): 4015014.1.

[51] SALAMA D M, EL-GOHARY N M. Semantic text classification for supporting automated compliance checking in construction[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2016, 30(1): 04014106.

[52] VENUGOPAL M, EASTMAN C M, SACKS R, et al. Semantics of model views for information exchanges using the industry foundation class schema[J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2012, 26(2): 411-428.

[53] BELSKY M, SACKS R, BRILAKIS I. A Framework for semantic enrichment of IFC building models[C]//The 30th CIB W78 International Conference. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2013: 514-523.

[54] BELSKY M, SACKS R, BRILAKIS I. Semantic enrichment for building information modeling[J]. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 2016, 31(4): 261-274.

[55] BLOCH T, SACKS R. Clustering information types for semantic enrichment of building information models to support automated code compliance checking[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2020, 34(6): 04020040.

[56] PAUWELS P, VAN DEURSEN D, DE ROO J, et al. Three-dimensional information exchange over the semantic web for the domain of architecture, engineering, and construction[J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 2011, 25(4): 317-332.

[57] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 混凝土结构设计规范: GB 50010—2010[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2011. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People′s Republic of China. Code for design of concrete structures: GB 50010—2010[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2011 (in Chinese).

[58] 张吉松, 于泽涵, 赵丽华. 基于一阶谓词逻辑的结构设计规范表示方法[J/OL]. 土木与环境工程学报: 中英文, 2022: 1-10. [2022-05-01]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/50.1218. TU.20220423.2146.004.html. ZHANG J S, YU Z H, ZHAO L H. Representation of structural design specifications based on first-order predicate logic[J/OL]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2022: 1-10. [2022-05-01]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/50.1218.TU. 20220423.2146.004.html (in Chinese).

[59] World Wide Web Consortium. W3C standards[EB/OL]. (2021-04-24) [2022-05-01]. https://www.w3.org/standards/.

[60] World Wide Web Consortium. A semantic web rule language combining OWL and RuleML[EB/OL]. (2004-10-15) [2022-05-01]. http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL.

[61] RODRIGUEZ M A, BOLLEN J, VAN D S. A practical ontology for the large-scale modeling of scholarly artifacts and their usage[C]//The 7th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. New York: ACM, 2007: 278-287.

[62] NOY N, MCGUINNESS D L. Ontology development 101[EB/OL]. (2005-07-18) [2022-05-10]. http://protege. stanford.edu.

[63] Stanford University. Protégé[EB/OL]. (2018-03-01) [2022-05-01]. https://protege.stanford.edu.

[64] CONNOR M. Mapping master DSL[EB/OL]. (2020-06-20) [2022-05-01]. https://github.com/protegeproject/mappingmaste r/wiki/MappingMasterDSL. [65] NAWARI N. The challenge of computerizing building codes in a BIM environment[C]//International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering. Reston: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012: 285-292.