面向城市信息模型的半自动地理配准方法研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023030616

图学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 616-624.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023030616

面向城市信息模型的半自动地理配准方法研究

王珩玮¹(), 胡振中²(), 赵燕来¹, 钟坚³, 陈伊³

1.清华控股有限公司，北京 100084
2.清华大学深圳国际研究生院，广东深圳 518055
3.广州市盾建建设有限公司，广东广州 511446

收稿日期:2022-09-22 接受日期:2023-01-05 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-06-30
通讯作者: 胡振中(1983-)，男，教授，博士。主要研究方向为土木与海洋工程信息技术。E-mail：huzhenzhong@tsinghua.edu.cn
作者简介:
王珩玮(1990-)，男，博士后。主要研究方向为工程建设信息技术。E-mail：whw13@tsinghua.org.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3801100);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD110090501);国家自然科学基金项目(51778336)

Research on semi-automatic geo-referencing approach in city information modeling

WANG Heng-wei¹(), HU Zhen-zhong²(), ZHAO Yan-lai¹, ZHONG Jian³, CHEN Yi³

1. Tsinghua Holdings Co., LTD., Beijing 100084, China
2. Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055, China
3. Guangzhou Dunjian Construction Co., LTD., Guangzhou Guangdong 511446, China

Received:2022-09-22 Accepted:2023-01-05 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-06-30
Contact: HU Zhen-zhong (1983-), professor, Ph.D. His main research interests cover information technologies in civil and ocean engineering. E-mail：huzhenzhong@tsinghua.edu.cn
About author:
WANG Heng-wei (1990-), post doctor. His main research interest covers information technologies in construction. E-mail：whw13@tsinghua.org.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3801100);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD110090501);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51778336)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在城市信息建模(CIM)过程中，缺失地理参照信息的三维模型需要在地理信息系统(GIS)进行地理配准。基于地理参照点可在保证精度的同时实现半自动化的地理配准。在三维模型导入GIS后，首先以模型附近的任意坐标点为参照点，将局部坐标系(LCS)变换至大地椭球表面。此后在GIS中拾取三维模型上的地理参照点，并根据当前的变换矩阵计算LCS坐标，结合该参照点的大地坐标可得该模型的正确变换矩阵。若无地理参照点，可在此方法的基础上持续估计地理参照点实现人工地理配准。通过Cesium实现半自动地理配准方法，使用实际工程使用的三维模型进行应用验证，证明了方法的可行性。该方法依赖基于单一参照点的LCS向ECEF坐标系空间变换算法，按特点与适用场景可分为基础法、参照点投影法、原点投影法和近似原点法。应用验证过程中分别使用后3个算法，结合计算结果分析了这些算法受参照点与LCS原点距离的影响。

关键词: 三维模型, 地理信息系统, 坐标变换, Cesium, 坐标系统, 建筑信息模型

Abstract:

When creating a city information model (CIM), it is often necessary to geo-reference a 3D model that lacks spatial reference in a geographic information system (GIS). Based on a geometric reference point, semi-automatic geo-referencing could be achieved while ensuing accuracy. After the 3D model was imported into the GIS, the local coordinate system (LCS) was transformed to the surface of the geodetic ellipsoid, based on any reference point near the model. Afterwards, the geographic reference point on the 3D model was picked up in the GIS, and the LCS coordinates were calculated according to the current transformation matrix. Combined with the geodetic coordinates of the reference point, the correct transformation matrix of the model could be obtained. If there was no geographic reference point, artificial geo-referencing could be achieved by continuously estimating the geographic reference point based on this approach. The semi-automatic georeferencing approach was realized using Cesium and applied using 3D models from actual projects, demonstrating its feasibility. The above approaches were reliant on the spatial transformation algorithms from the LCS to ECEF (earth-centered earth-fixed) coordinate system using a single reference point. The algorithms were categorized into four types: basic approach, reference point projection approach, origin projection approach, and approximate origin approach, each with distinct features and applicable scenarios. The latter 3 algorithms were applied in the verification process, and based on the calculated results, the influence of the distance between the reference point and the LCS origin on these algorithms was analyzed.

Key words: 3D model, geographic information system, coordinate transform, Cesium, coordinate system, building information model

中图分类号:

P208

王珩玮, 胡振中, 赵燕来, 钟坚, 陈伊. 面向城市信息模型的半自动地理配准方法研究[J]. 图学学报, 2023, 44(3): 616-624.

WANG Heng-wei, HU Zhen-zhong, ZHAO Yan-lai, ZHONG Jian, CHEN Yi. Research on semi-automatic geo-referencing approach in city information modeling[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(3): 616-624.

图/表 15

图1 已知地理参照点的半自动地理配准方法

Fig. 1 Semi-automatic geo-referencing with a geographic reference point

图2 模型距原点过远时的初步定位

Fig. 2 Automatic positioning when the model is far from the origin

图3 未知地理参照点的人工地理配准方法

Fig. 3 Manual geo-referencing without any geographic reference points

表1 算法分类

Table 1 Classification of algorithms

算法名称	参照点要求	过渡位置原点	最准确点
基础法	LCS原点，大地椭球上	-	参照点/原点
参照点投影法	无	参照点大地投影	参照点
原点投影法	无	LCS原点大地投影	LCS原点
近似原点法	无	近似的LCS原点大地投影	近似的LCS原点

图4 基础法

Fig. 4 The basic approach

图5 参照点投影法

Fig. 5 The reference point projection approach

图6 原点投影法

Fig. 6 The origin projection approach

图7 近似原点法

Fig. 7 The approximate origin approach

图8 配准tileset结构与使用

Fig. 8 Structure and usage of the referencing tileset

图9 隧道模型地理参照点位置

Fig. 9 Geographic reference point of the tunnel model

图10 路桥模型地理参照点位置

Fig. 10 Geographic reference point of the road-bridge model

图11 隧道模型基于虚拟参照点的初步定位结果

Fig. 11 Preliminary positioning result of the tunnel model based on the virtual reference point

图12 隧道模型地理配准结果

Fig. 12 Geo-referencing result of the tunnel model

图13 路桥模型基于虚拟参照点的初步定位结果

Fig. 13 Preliminary positioning result of the road-bridge model based on the virtual reference point

图14 路桥模型地理配准结果((a)参照点投影法；(b)原点投影法；(c)近似原点法)

Fig. 14 Geo-referencing result of the road-bridge model ((a) Reference point projection approach; (b) Origin projection approach; (c) Approximate origin approach)

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面向城市信息模型的半自动地理配准方法研究

Research on semi-automatic geo-referencing approach in city information modeling

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