基于MBSE的地空导弹总体方案设计

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024020268

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了适应未来大型复杂系统设计与功能分析需求，在导弹设计中引入基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)思想，提出了基于MBSE的地空导弹总体设计流程。首先，明确地空导弹利益相关者的需求，定义导弹任务场景；基于设计需求开展功能分析，利用导弹任务场景进行功能分解，完成需求到功能的转化；根据导弹的系统功能映射出导弹架构组成，开展地空导弹系统的逻辑架构设计和物理架构设计，最终得到导弹总体设计方案，并针对导弹方案进行验证及优化，初步实现了地空导弹的总体设计过程。

关键词: MBSE, 需求分析, 架构设计, 导弹设计

Abstract:

To accommodate future demands for large-scale complex system design and functional analysis, the concept of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) was introduced in missile design, and an MBSE-based conceptual design process for surface-to-air missiles was proposed. Firstly, stakeholder requirements for surface-to-air missiles were clarified, and missile mission scenarios were defined. Functional analysis was then conducted based on design requirements, utilizing missile mission scenarios for functional decomposition, and completing the transformation from requirements to functions. Based on the system functions of the missile, the missile’s architecture composition was mapped, and the logical and physical architecture design of the surface-to-air missile system was carried out. Finally, the conceptual design scheme for the missile was formulated, and verification and optimization were performed for the missile scheme, thereby preliminarily achieving the conceptual design process for surface-to-air missiles.

Key words: MBSE, requirement analysis, architecture design, missile design

中图分类号:

TP391

粟华, 方施喆, 田昆效, 龚春林. 基于MBSE的地空导弹总体方案设计[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(2): 268-276.

SU Hu, FANG Shizhe, TIAN Kunxiao, GONG Chunlin. Conceptual design of surface-to-air missile based on MBSE[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(2): 268-276.

图/表 18

图1 导弹研制过程

Fig. 1 Missile development process

图2 基于MBSE的导弹总体设计过程

Fig. 2 MBSE-based concept missile design process

图3 导弹的利益相关者

Fig. 3 Missile stakeholder needs

图4 功能需求

Fig. 4 Functional requirement

图5 导弹任务场景

Fig. 5 Functional requirement

图6 导弹飞行任务的序列图

Fig. 6 Sequence diagrams for missile missions

图7 发现目标的活动展开

Fig. 7 Unfolding of activities to discover the target

图8 作战准备泳道活动图

Fig. 8 Operational readiness swimming path activity chart

图9 毁伤泳道活动图

Fig. 9 Destruction of swimming path activity chart

图10 飞行泳道活动图

Fig. 10 Flying of swimming path activity chart

图11 地空导弹的逻辑层次

Fig. 11 Logical hierarchy of surface-to-air missiles

图12 毁伤场景逻辑组件关系图

Fig. 12 Relationship diagram of the logical components of the destruction scenario

表1 第3层逻辑组件及其参数

Table 1 Logic components and their parameters

第3层逻辑组件	逻辑参数
一级动力装置	总冲，发动机类型
二级动力装置	总冲，发动机类型
毁伤装置	战斗部类型，威力参数
触发控制装置	引信类型，触发时间
制导装置	导引头类型，探测距离，探测精度
控制装置	控制形式
导航装置	导航类型
外形结构	布局形式，结构形式，升阻性能

图13 地空导弹的物理层次

Fig. 13 Physical levels of surface-to-air missiles

表2 物理组件及其参数

Table 2 Physical components and their parameters

物理组件	物理参数	物理组件	物理参数
固体火箭发动机	发动机质量	弹头	形状
	发动机长度	弹身	长度
	推进剂类型		直径
	推进剂质量		结构质量
	质量比	翼	面积
	推力		后掠角
	工作时间		根梢比
液体冲压火箭发动机	发动机质量		展弦比
	发动机长度		位置
	推进剂类型		质量
	推进剂质量	舵	面积
	比冲		后掠角
	推力		根梢比
破片战斗部	战斗部质量		展弦比
	长度		位置
	装药类型		质量
主动雷达导引头	质量	电池	质量
主动雷达导引头	体积	电池	体积
弹头	长度	弹上设备	质量

图14 地空导弹的简化设计结构矩阵

Fig. 14 Simplified design structure matrix for surface-to-air missiles

表3 优化结果

Table 3 Optimization results

变量		初值	优化值
设计变量	弹径/m	0.6	0.63
	翼根弦长/m	4	3.8
	翼梢弦长/m	3	1.6
	后掠角/°	60	72
	展长/m	0.3	0.28
	燃料质量/kg	1730	1328
	燃料质量/kg	851	744
	迎风高度/m	0.3	0.315
目标函数	起飞质量/kg	3037.8	2565.3
设计约束	射程/kg	2175.2	2008.4
	弹长/m	9.84	8.11
	起飞质量/kg	3037.8	2565.3

表4 需求对比验证

Table 4 Requirements comparison validation

性能需求	验证数据	满足判断
射程大于2 000 km	射程2 008.4 km	满足
质量不大于4 t	质量2 565.3 kg	满足
弹径不大于0.8 m	弹径0.63 m	满足
弹长不大于10 m	弹长8.11 m	满足

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