基于自定义规则的SysML用例自动生成方法研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024020374

图学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 374-382.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024020374

• 数字化设计与制造专刊 • 上一篇下一篇

基于自定义规则的SysML用例自动生成方法研究

刘蒙¹(), 耿施展², 丁国辉²

1.中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所，辽宁沈阳 110035
2.沈阳航空航天大学计算机学院，辽宁沈阳 110136

收稿日期:2024-02-03 修回日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-04-30 发布日期:2024-04-30
作者简介:刘蒙(1981-)，男，高级工程师，硕士。主要研究方向为飞机总体设计和基于模型系统工程等。E-mail：liu_meng_@163.com
基金资助:
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-261);辽宁省省级课题(XL2203002)

Research on rule-based method for automatic generation of SysML use cases

LIU Meng¹(), GENG Shizhan², DING Guohui²

1. Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Shenyang Liaoning 110035, China
2. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang Liaoning 110136, China

Received:2024-02-03 Revised:2024-03-11 Online:2024-04-30 Published:2024-04-30
About author:LIU Meng (1981-), senior engineer, master. His main research interests cover aircraft overall design and model-based system engineering, etc. E-mail：liu_meng_@163.com
Supported by:
Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(2021-MS-261);Liaoning Provincial Project(XL2203002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代系统越来越复杂，传统的工程方法往往难以处理这些复杂问题。基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)可以通过建立系统模型、对系统进行分析和仿真等方式来快速、准确地掌握系统的行为和性能，从而有效地解决复杂性问题。系统建模语言(SysML)可以帮助人们清晰地理解和描述系统。以往基于自然语言的系统描述方法很容易出现理解歧义以及表达不准确等问题，因此，基于自然语言处理(NLP)技术的SysML图自动生成是目前极具学术价值的研究领域，然而目前关于此方面的研究仍相对有限。本文提出了一种名为NLP驱动的用例图自动生成方法，简称为NLUCD。首先使用事先制定的语言规则对输入文本进行预处理；然后使用NLP工具进行文本分割、词干提取与词形还原等操作；接着使用微调过的BERT模型进行命名实体识别和句法依赖分析；随后，定义了3组规则来提取用例图中的参与者、用例和关系，与用例图中的元素及其关系相对应；最后，绘图工具完成了对SysML用例图的生成。虽然该方法目前主要适用于英文文本，但该方法为系统设计领域的自动化和智能化提供了新思路和新视角，具有一定的理论和实践价值。

关键词: MBSE, SysML用例图, NLP, 自定义规则, BERT

Abstract:

Modern systems have become increasingly complex, and traditional engineering methods often struggle to handle these complex problems. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) could rapidly and accurately grasp system behavior and performance by constructing system models, analyzing and simulating systems, thus effectively addressing complexity problems. The systems modeling language (SysML) can aid in clear understanding and description of systems. Previously, natural language-based system description methods were prone to misunderstandings and inaccurate expression issues. Therefore, SysML diagram automatic generation based on NLP technology is currently a research area with great academic value, but current research in this area is relatively limited. This study proposed a method named natural language-driven use case diagram automatic generation, abbreviated as NLUCD. Firstly, it employed pre-determined language rules to preprocess input text. Then it applied NLP tools for text segmentation, stemming, and lemmatization. Next, it utilized a fine-tuned BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers) model for named entity recognition and syntax dependency analysis. Subsequently, it defined three sets of rules to extract participants, use cases, and relationships in the use case diagram, corresponding to the elements and relationships in the use case diagram. Finally, the drawing tool completed the generation of the SysML use case diagram. Although the proposed method is currently mainly applicable to English text, it provides new ideas and perspectives for the automation and intelligence of the system design field, having both theoretical and practical value.

Key words: MBSE, SysML use case diagram, NLP, custom rules, BERT

中图分类号:

TP391

刘蒙, 耿施展, 丁国辉. 基于自定义规则的SysML用例自动生成方法研究[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(2): 374-382.

LIU Meng, GENG Shizhan, DING Guohui. Research on rule-based method for automatic generation of SysML use cases[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(2): 374-382.

图/表 4

参考文献 24

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规则	例句	改写后的
将复杂的从句分解成简洁语句。每个句子只表达一个完整的想法或观点	After thoroughly analyzing the aerodynamic performance data, the engineering team will modify the wing design accordingly and conduct further simulations	The engineering team will analyze aerodynamic performance data The engineering will modify the wing design and conduct more simulations
尽量避免使用被动语态，而使用主动语态	Once the new engine prototype is developed, it will be tested extensively to evaluate its efficiency and reliability	Once we develop the new engine prototype, we will extensively test it to evaluate its efficiency and reliability
如果有多个并列分句，可以分别将其转化为简单句	After the avionics system is upgraded, the flight management software will be calibrated, the navigation databases will be updated, and the autopilot system will undergo testing	After we upgrade the avionics system, we will calibrate the flight management software. We will also update the navigation databases we will test the autopilot system
将从句中的主干部分提取出来，删除多余词汇和短语	After the completion of the structural analysis, the design team will proceed with material selection and stress testing	Complete the structural analysis Proceed with material selection and stress testing
去掉不必要的修饰词和抽象词	After conducting a thorough analysis of the system requirements, the development team will commence the implementation phase to build the software architecture	Conduct analysis of system requirements. Commence implementation phase to build software architecture
使用陈述语气代替虚拟语气	If anomalies are detected during the testing phase, the system generates an error report for further analysis	When anomalies are detected during the testing phase, the system generates an error report for further analysis
把双重否定句改为肯定句	The system cannot operate without the presence of a valid user authentication token	The system operates with the presence of a valid user authentication token
将比较级转化为原级或增加程度副词	The new software update is more efficient than the previous version	The new software update is efficient compared to the previous version
分离定语从句并将其转换为独立的句子	The software, which was developed by our team, has received positive feedback from users	The software has received positive feedback from users. Our team developed it
在一个并列句子中，如果只有一个动词并列了多个宾语，则可以将其重构为并列的多个简化句子	The engineer designed and implemented the new control system	The engineer designed the new control system. The engineer implemented the new control system.
将复合谓语的句子变成并列的简单句子	The engineer conducted performance tests and adjusted the flight control algorithms.	The engineer conducted performance tests The engineer adjusted the flight control algorithms
避免使用连词，避免重复和冗余，使句子更加简单明了	The aircraft’s navigation system is equipped with both GPS and inertial navigation systems for accurate positioning and guidance	The aircraft’s navigation system uses GPS and inertial navigation for accurate guidance
将没有动词的句子删除
用简短的句式，如主谓宾结构或主谓结构

规则	例句	改写后的
将复杂的从句分解成简洁语句。每个句子只表达一个完整的想法或观点	After thoroughly analyzing the aerodynamic performance data, the engineering team will modify the wing design accordingly and conduct further simulations	The engineering team will analyze aerodynamic performance data The engineering will modify the wing design and conduct more simulations
尽量避免使用被动语态，而使用主动语态	Once the new engine prototype is developed, it will be tested extensively to evaluate its efficiency and reliability	Once we develop the new engine prototype, we will extensively test it to evaluate its efficiency and reliability
如果有多个并列分句，可以分别将其转化为简单句	After the avionics system is upgraded, the flight management software will be calibrated, the navigation databases will be updated, and the autopilot system will undergo testing	After we upgrade the avionics system, we will calibrate the flight management software. We will also update the navigation databases we will test the autopilot system
将从句中的主干部分提取出来，删除多余词汇和短语	After the completion of the structural analysis, the design team will proceed with material selection and stress testing	Complete the structural analysis Proceed with material selection and stress testing
去掉不必要的修饰词和抽象词	After conducting a thorough analysis of the system requirements, the development team will commence the implementation phase to build the software architecture	Conduct analysis of system requirements. Commence implementation phase to build software architecture
使用陈述语气代替虚拟语气	If anomalies are detected during the testing phase, the system generates an error report for further analysis	When anomalies are detected during the testing phase, the system generates an error report for further analysis
把双重否定句改为肯定句	The system cannot operate without the presence of a valid user authentication token	The system operates with the presence of a valid user authentication token
将比较级转化为原级或增加程度副词	The new software update is more efficient than the previous version	The new software update is efficient compared to the previous version
分离定语从句并将其转换为独立的句子	The software, which was developed by our team, has received positive feedback from users	The software has received positive feedback from users. Our team developed it
在一个并列句子中，如果只有一个动词并列了多个宾语，则可以将其重构为并列的多个简化句子	The engineer designed and implemented the new control system	The engineer designed the new control system. The engineer implemented the new control system.
将复合谓语的句子变成并列的简单句子	The engineer conducted performance tests and adjusted the flight control algorithms.	The engineer conducted performance tests The engineer adjusted the flight control algorithms
避免使用连词，避免重复和冗余，使句子更加简单明了	The aircraft’s navigation system is equipped with both GPS and inertial navigation systems for accurate positioning and guidance	The aircraft’s navigation system uses GPS and inertial navigation for accurate guidance
将没有动词的句子删除
用简短的句式，如主谓宾结构或主谓结构

基于自定义规则的SysML用例自动生成方法研究

Research on rule-based method for automatic generation of SysML use cases

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