面向足底压力优化的全接触矫形鞋垫设计

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024040868

图学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 868-878.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024040868

面向足底压力优化的全接触矫形鞋垫设计

黄昱喆¹(), 王旭鹏¹^,²(), 陈文会², 周中泽¹, 赵嘉鑫², 王芸倩²

1.西安理工大学艺术与设计学院，陕西西安 710048
2.西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院，陕西西安 710048

收稿日期:2024-04-18 接受日期:2024-06-24 出版日期:2024-08-31 发布日期:2024-09-03
通讯作者:王旭鹏(1981-)，男，教授，博士。主要研究方向为运动生物力学、“医工”交叉创新设计与仿真、计算机辅助工业设计。E-mail：wangxupeng@xaut.edu.cn
第一作者:黄昱喆(1999-)，女，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为足型矫正、计算机辅助设计。E-mail：1136344701@qq.com
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究规划/青年基金项目(21XJC760003);陕西省青年杰出人才支持计划配套基金(106-451420001)

Full-contact orthopedic insole design for plantar pressure optimization

HUANG Yuzhe¹(), WANG Xupeng¹^,²(), CHEN Wenhui², ZHOU Zhongze¹, ZHAO Jiaxin², WANG Yunqian²

1. School of Art and Design, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an Shaanxi 710048, China
2. School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an Shaanxi 710048, China

Received:2024-04-18 Accepted:2024-06-24 Published:2024-08-31 Online:2024-09-03
Contact: WANG Xupeng (1981-), professor, Ph.D. His main research interests cover sports biomechanics, “medical-engineering” cross-innovation design and simulation, computer-aided industrial design. E-mail：wangxupeng@xaut.edu.cn
First author：HUANG Yuzhe (1999-), master student. Her main research interests cover foot orthosis, computer-aided design. E-mail：1136344701@qq.com
Supported by:
The Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(21XJC760003);Outstanding Talents Support Program Project(106-451420001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为优化足底压力分布、降低足底峰值压力，提出一种基于三维足部模型的全接触矫形鞋垫参数化设计方法。以足底压力数据为基础，结合三维晶格结构分析，对鞋垫的减压结构进行优化。首先，利用足部三维扫描模型，通过Grasshopper插件平台开发全接触鞋垫模型参数化设计流程，实现全接触鞋垫的个性化设计。其次，在Abaqus环境下，对TPU材质的六种常见三维立方晶格结构进行能量吸收效率的分析，计算不同填充率下“金刚石”晶格结构的有效弹性模量，评估不同晶格结构在吸收足底压力时的性能，为减压结构的选择提供科学依据。然后，利用图像采样算法提取足底压力较大的区域，选择相应的有效弹性模量结构进行填充，完成全接触矫形鞋垫优化设计，并通过仿真分析对比优化前后矫形鞋垫的减压性能。最后，通过静态和动态足底压力测量实验，证明基于足形和三维减压结构设计的个性化矫形鞋垫可以有效优化足底压力分布、卸载足底压力峰值和提高足部稳定性。

关键词: 足底压力优化, 矫形鞋垫, 参数化设计, 三维晶格结构

Abstract:

In order to optimize the plantar pressure distribution and reduce the peak plantar pressure, a parametric design method for full-contact orthopedic insoles based on a three-dimensional foot model was proposed. Based on the plantar pressure data and combined with the 3D lattice structure analysis, the offloading structure of the insole was optimized. First of all, in order to realize the personalized design of the full-contact insole, the foot 3D scanning model was employed to develop the parametric design process of the full-contact insole model through the Grasshopper plug-in platform. Subsequently, the energy absorption efficiency of six common 3D cubic lattice structures made of TPU was analyzed under the Abaqus environment, and the effective elastic modulus of diamond lattice structures was calculated under different filling rates. The performance of different lattice structures in absorbing plantar pressure was evaluated to provide a scientific basis for the selection of pressure-reducing structures. In the next part, the image sampling algorithm was used to extract the areas with higher plantar pressure, and the corresponding effective modulus of elasticity was chosen to fill different parts, completing the optimization design of the full-contact orthopedic insole. Additionally, the pressure reduction performance of the orthopedic insole before and after the optimization was compared through simulation analysis. Finally, static and dynamic plantar pressure measurement experiments demonstrated that personalized orthopedic insoles based on foot shape and three-dimensional pressure-reducing structures can effectively optimize the distribution of plantar pressure, offload the peak value of plantar pressure, and improve foot stability.

Key words: plantar pressure optimization, orthopedic insoles, parameterization design, three-dimensional lattice structure

中图分类号:

TP391
TS943

黄昱喆, 王旭鹏, 陈文会, 周中泽, 赵嘉鑫, 王芸倩. 面向足底压力优化的全接触矫形鞋垫设计[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(4): 868-878.

HUANG Yuzhe, WANG Xupeng, CHEN Wenhui, ZHOU Zhongze, ZHAO Jiaxin, WANG Yunqian. Full-contact orthopedic insole design for plantar pressure optimization[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(4): 868-878.

图/表 32

图1 获取三维足部模型((a)半负重站立状态足型扫描；(b)足部stl文件)

Fig. 1 Get a 3D foot model ((a) Semi-weight-bearing standing foot scan; (b) Foot STL file)

图2 参数化自动建模程序

Fig. 2 Parametric automatic modeling program

图3 全局坐标系

Fig. 3 Global coordinate system

图4 提取3/4足截面特征线

Fig. 4 Extract the 3/4 foot section contour line

图5 内外侧截面线示意图

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the inner and outer cross-sectional lines

图6 NURBS曲线拟合

Fig. 6 NURBS curve fitting

图7 型值点数量为30时特征线5的曲线偏差

Fig. 7 The curve deviation of the feature line 5 when the number of type value points is 30

图8 NURBS曲线偏差值与型值点数量的关系

Fig. 8 The relationship between the deviation value of the NURBS curve and the number of value points

图9 前脚掌特征线提取

Fig. 9 Forefoot contour line extraction

图10 鞋垫模型生成

Fig. 10 Insole model generation

图11 晶格结构生成

Fig. 11 Lattice structure generation

图12 鞋垫曲面偏差分析

Fig. 12 Insole surface deviation analysis

图13 三维立方晶胞结构((a)简单立方结构；(b)体心立方结构；(c)面心立方结构；(d)金刚石结构；(e) Fluorite结构；(f) Kelvin晶体结构)

Fig. 13 Three-dimensional cubic unit cell structure ((a) Simple cubic; (b) Body-centered cubic; (c) Face-centered cubic; (d) Diamond; (e) Fluorite; (f) Kelvin)

图14 有限元模型构建((a)晶格结构仿真模型；(b)施加载荷和条件)

Fig. 14 Finite element model construction ((a) Simulation model of the seismic lattice structure; (b) Applied loads and conditions)

图15 不同晶胞结构的形变位移量((a)简单立方结构；(b)体心立方结构；(c)面心立方结构；(d)金刚石结构；(e) Fluorite结构；(f) Kelvin晶体结构)

Fig. 15 The amount of deformation displacement for different unit cell structures ((a) Simple cubic; (b) Body-centered cubic; (c) Face-centered cubic; (d) Diamond; (e) Fluorite; (f) Kelvin)

图16 各晶格结构力位移曲线图

Fig. 16 Force displacement curves of each lattice structure

图17 不同阵列组合的形变位移量

Fig. 17 The amount of deformation displacement for different combinations of arrays ((a) 2×2×1; (b) 2×2×2; (c) 4×4×1; (d) 4×4×2)

图18 不同填充率的吸能效果

Fig. 18 Energy absorption effect with different fill rates ((a) 30%; (b) 35%; (c) 40%; (d) 45%; (e) 50%)

图19 不同填充率的压缩变形量变化趋势

Fig. 19 Trends in compression set for different filling rates

表1 不同填充率结构的晶胞直径和有效弹性模量

Table 1 Unit cell diameter and effective elastic modulus of structures with different filling rates

填充率/%	晶胞管直径/mm	E/MPa
30	2.40	0.53
35	2.65	0.64
40	2.90	0.92
45	3.20	1.36
50	3.50	1.88

表2 鞋垫各区采用晶格结构的有效弹性模量[10]

Table 2 The effective modulus of elasticity of the lattice structure is used in each zone of the insole [10]

鞋垫区域	E/MPa
足趾区	0.47
跖骨区	0.95
足弓区	2.47
足跟区	1.39

图20 优化后鞋垫模型

Fig. 20 Optimized rear insole model

图21 足-鞋垫-地面模型

Fig. 21 Foot-insoles-ground model

表3 鞋垫参数定义表

Table 3 Insole parameter definition table

鞋垫类型	形态	结构	材料	鞋垫厚度/mm
平板鞋垫	二维平板	均质无减压结构	TPU	7
优化前矫形鞋垫	三维全接触	均质无减压结构	TPU	7
优化后矫形鞋垫	三维全接触	有减压结构	TPU+ 乳胶	5+ 2

表4 最大(S.Max)、最小(S.Min)和平均(S.Ave)足底应力

Table 4 Maximum, minimum, and average plantar stress

裸足状态	S.Max/kPa	S.Min/kPa	S.Ave/kPa
裸足	88.5	24.80×10^-4	18.2
平板鞋垫	58.6	23.35×10^-4	16.4
优化前矫形鞋垫	53.7	19.39×10^-4	15.1
优化后矫形鞋垫	41.6	13.68×10^-4	13.3

图22 优化前后鞋垫模型仿真对比((a)裸足；(b)平板鞋垫；(c)优化前矫形鞋垫；(d)优化后矫形鞋垫)

Fig. 22 Optimized the simulation comparison of the front and rear insole models ((a) Bare feet; (b) Flat insole; (c) Optimized anterior orthopedic insole; (d) Optimized posterior orthopedic insoles)

图23 静态足底压力测试((a)裸足；(b)穿戴优化前矫形鞋垫；(c)穿戴优化后矫形鞋垫)

Fig. 23 Static plantar stress test ((a) Bare feet; (b) Orthopedic insoles before wearing optimization; (c) Wearing orthopedic insoles after wearing optimization)

图24 鞋垫制作((a)优化前矫形鞋垫；(b)优化后矫形鞋垫)

Fig. 24 Insole fabrication ((a) Optimized anterior orthopedic insoles; (b) Optimized posterior orthopedic insole)

图25 三种足型受试者静态足底压力分布云图((a)裸足；(b)穿戴优化前矫形鞋垫；(c)穿戴优化后矫形鞋垫；P.Max：峰值压强；Ave.P：平均压强)

Fig. 25 Static plantar pressure distribution contour of subjects with three foot types ((a) Bare feet; (b) Wearing optimized anterior orthopedic insole; (c) Wearing optimized posterior orthopedic insole; P.Max: peak pressure；Ave.P: average pressure)

图26 高弓足动态足压分布云图和足压中心轨迹图((a)裸足；(b)穿戴优化前矫形鞋垫；(c)穿戴优化后矫形鞋垫)

Fig. 26 Dynamic foot pressure distribution contour and foot pressure center trajectory map of high arched feet ((a) Bare feet; (b) Wearing optimized anterior orthopedic insole; (c) Wearing optimized posterior orthopedic insole)

图27 三种足型受试者穿戴矫形鞋垫前后动态足底峰值压强((a)扁平足；(b)正常足；(c)高弓足)

Fig. 27 Dynamic plantar peak pressure before and after wearing orthopedic insoles in subjects with three foot types ((a) Flat feet; (b) Normal feet; (c) High arched feet)

图28 足底平均压强曲线((a)扁平足；(b)正常足；(c)高弓足)

Fig. 28 Plantar mean pressure curve ((a) Flat foot; (b) Normal foot; (c) High arched foot)

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面向足底压力优化的全接触矫形鞋垫设计

Full-contact orthopedic insole design for plantar pressure optimization

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