知识图谱驱动下的陕西非遗面花交互地图设计研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2026040904

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对非遗传承中认知成本高、知识体系零散和文化信息易流失等现实难题，以陕西面花为典型案例，提出一种融合知识图谱的交互地图设计方法。首先，构建包含传承人、作品、技法、仪式场合、视觉符号、社会意义与地理信息等在内的13类实体关系的领域本体，并融入空间属性规范以支持地理检索与空间分析；其次，提出Aho-Corasick词典匹配规则模板与领域自适应BERT相结合的混合信息抽取框架，在小样本语料上实现实体与关系的联合抽取与置信度融合，实体识别与关系抽取F1值分别达到0.88与0.84，性能优于单一规则或单一深度模型；随后，建立融合空间索引的陕西面花知识图谱，依托Neo4j完成三元组存储、实体链接与关联查询；最后，开发知识图谱与地理信息深度融合的交互式导览地图系统，实现传承人分布、作品溯源与技法传承等多维度查询与空间分析，并支持图谱数据增删改的动态维护。该研究构建了非遗知识抽取、建模、存储及可视化的端到端解决方案，有效提升了非遗知识组织精度与空间化传播体验，为同类非遗项目提供了可复用的实践范式。

关键词: 非遗面花, 交互地图, 知识图谱, 语义化, 信息抽取

Abstract:

To address practical challenges in Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) transmission, such as high cognitive costs, fragmented knowledge systems, and the easy loss of cultural information, a knowledge graph-driven interactive map design method was proposed using Shaanxi dough figurines as a representative case. First, a domain ontology was constructed that covered thirteen types of entity relationships, including inheritors, artworks, techniques, ritual occasions, visual symbols, social meanings, and geographical information, and spatial attribute specifications were incorporated to support geographic retrieval and spatial analysis. Second, a hybrid information extraction framework combining Aho-Corasick dictionary-matching rule templates with a domain-adaptive BERT model was proposed. This framework enabled joint extraction of entities and relations with confidence fusion on small-sample corpora, achieving F1 scores of 0.88 for entity recognition and 0.84 for relation extraction, outperforming both single-rule and single deep-learning models. Subsequently, a knowledge graph of Shaanxi dough figurines integrated with spatial indexes was established, utilizing Neo4j for triplet storage, entity linking, and associative querying. Finally, an interactive navigation map system featuring deep integration of the knowledge graph with geographic information was developed. This system enabled multi-dimensional querying and spatial analysis, including the inheritor distribution, artwork provenance, and technique transmission, while supporting dynamic maintenance of the graph data through addition, deletion, and modification operations. This study constructed an end-to-end solution encompassing knowledge extraction, modeling, storage, and visualization for ICH, effectively enhancing the precision of knowledge organization and the experience of spatial dissemination, thereby providing a reusable practical paradigm for similar ICH projects.

Key words: intangible cultural heritage dough figurines, interactive map, knowledge graph, semantic modeling, information extraction

中图分类号:

TS971
TP391

白晓波, 余雅情, 钦松. 知识图谱驱动下的陕西非遗面花交互地图设计研究[J]. 图学学报, 2026, 47(4): 904-914.

BAI Xiaobo, YU Yaqing, QIN Song. Research on the interactive map design of Shaanxi intangible cultural heritage dough figurines driven by knowledge graph[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2026, 47(4): 904-914.

图/表 10

参考文献 24

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模板类别	核心关系谓词	典型实体类型约束	目的
制作关系	制作、使用技法、使用材料、使用工具	${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{5}}$ ${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{4}}/{{D}_{6}}/{{D}_{7}}$	刻画人与技法、材料、工具与作品的工艺链条
时空关系	流行于、使用于、发生于	${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{13}}$ ${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{8}}$ ${{D}_{9}}\to {{D}_{13}}/{{D}_{8}}$	检索作品的分布地域、使用时间及存在语境
形态符号关系	具有特征、装饰纹样	${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{11}}$ ${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{2}}$	链接作品与视觉符号、形态风格
功能意义关系	用于、象征、具有功能	${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{3}}/{{D}_{9}}$ ${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{12}}$	建立作品、纹样与场合、意义之间的语义关联
传承关系	师从、传承于	${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{1}}$ ${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{11}}$	记录技艺的传承脉络与空间依附
文献关系	记载于、来源于	${{D}_{1}}/{{D}_{5}}/{{D}_{9}}\to {{D}_{11}}$	记录技艺的传承脉络与知识来源

模板类别	核心关系谓词	典型实体类型约束	目的
制作关系	制作、使用技法、使用材料、使用工具	${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{5}}$ ${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{4}}/{{D}_{6}}/{{D}_{7}}$	刻画人与技法、材料、工具与作品的工艺链条
时空关系	流行于、使用于、发生于	${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{13}}$ ${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{8}}$ ${{D}_{9}}\to {{D}_{13}}/{{D}_{8}}$	检索作品的分布地域、使用时间及存在语境
形态符号关系	具有特征、装饰纹样	${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{11}}$ ${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{2}}$	链接作品与视觉符号、形态风格
功能意义关系	用于、象征、具有功能	${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{3}}/{{D}_{9}}$ ${{D}_{5}}\to {{D}_{12}}$	建立作品、纹样与场合、意义之间的语义关联
传承关系	师从、传承于	${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{1}}$ ${{D}_{1}}\to {{D}_{11}}$	记录技艺的传承脉络与空间依附
文献关系	记载于、来源于	${{D}_{1}}/{{D}_{5}}/{{D}_{9}}\to {{D}_{11}}$	记录技艺的传承脉络与知识来源

方法	P	R	F1
BL(BiLSTM-CRF)	0.78	0.73	0.75
DL(BERT-CRF)	0.84	0.80	0.82
R(词典 + Aho-Corasick)	0.92	0.67	0.78
R+DL(本文混合方法)	0.90	0.85	0.88

方法	P	R	F1
BL(BiLSTM-CRF)	0.78	0.73	0.75
DL(BERT-CRF)	0.84	0.80	0.82
R(词典 + Aho-Corasick)	0.92	0.67	0.78
R+DL(本文混合方法)	0.90	0.85	0.88

方法	P	R	F1
DL(BERT关系分类)	0.79	0.73	0.76
R(规则模板抽取)	0.89	0.64	0.75
R+DL(本文混合方法)	0.86	0.82	0.84