依恋回避调节的情感疗愈机器人交互机制研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2026040915

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对情感疗愈机器人人机交互中认知机制不明晰、交互效能受个体心理特质影响显著的问题，面向高、低依恋回避用户开展情感交互设计研究。基于依恋理论、认知注意理论和人机交互理论构建情感疗愈机器人“视觉注意-情感整合”认知模型；通过混合实验2(拟人化：高/低)×2(身体比例：半身/特写)×2(交互风格：技术/社交导向)，测量机器人拟人化、身体比例和交互风格对高、低依恋回避用户在情感联结、任务目标及满意度方面的影响；基于眼动实验解析高、低依恋回避用户在交互过程早期威胁评估、注意资源维持和认知加工深度方面的视觉认知机制；引入SSA-BP-SHAP方法，面向高、低依恋回避用户构建基于眼动数据的情感疗愈效果预测模型。研究发现高、低依恋回避用户在人机情感交互中存在2种不同认知模式，高依恋回避者表现为“评估性补偿”，面临情感负荷时出现注视延迟，高度依赖手部等非核心社交线索以缓解压力；低依恋回避者表现为“整合性沉浸”，能迅速将注意集中于面部获取情感共鸣；机器人设计要素对高低依恋回避用户视觉注意分配与主观疗愈体验的影响存在显著性差异，且预测模型可精准量化视觉特征与疗愈效能关系。研究结果为面向不同依恋回避用户的情感疗愈机器人个性化设计与交互优化提供理论依据。

关键词: 情感疗愈, 人机交互, 依恋回避, 眼动追踪, SSA-BP-SHAP

Abstract:

To address the issues of unclear cognitive mechanism and significant impact of individual psychological traits on interaction efficiency in the human-computer interaction with emotional healing robot, an emotional interaction design research was carried out for users with high and low attachment avoidance. Based on attachment theory, cognitive attention theory and human-computer interaction theory, the cognitive model of “visual attention-emotional integration” of emotional healing robots was constructed. Through a mixed experiment of 2 (anthropomorphic: high / low) ×2 (body proportion: semi-body / close-up) ×2 (interaction style: technical / social orientation), the effects of robot anthropomorphic levels, body proportion, and interaction style on emotional connection, task goal, and satisfaction of high and low attachment avoidance users were measured. Based on the eye movement experiment, the visual cognitive mechanism of high and low attachment avoidance users in early threat assessment, attention resource maintenance, and cognitive processing depth was analyzed. The SSA-BP-SHAP method was introduced to construct an emotional healing effect prediction model based on eye movement data for high and low attachment avoidance users. The study found that high and low attachment avoidance users had two different cognitive models in human-computer emotional interaction. High attachment avoidance users showed “evaluative compensation”, gaze delay when facing emotional load, and high dependence on non-core social cues such as hands to relieve stress; low attachment avoiders were characterized by “integrated immersion”, which enabled them to focus on the face to obtain emotional resonance ; there were significant differences in the influence of robot design elements on the visual attention distribution and subjective healing experience of high and low attachment avoidance users, and the prediction model could accurately quantify the relationship between visual features and healing efficacy. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the personalized design and interaction optimization of emotional healing robots for different attachment avoidance users.

Key words: emotional healing, human-robot interaction, attachment avoidance, eye-tracking, SSA-BP-SHAP

中图分类号:

TP391

李洁, 任宇航, 郭士杰. 依恋回避调节的情感疗愈机器人交互机制研究[J]. 图学学报, 2026, 47(4): 915-926.

LI Jie, REN Yuhang, GUO Shijie. Research on the interaction mechanisms of emotional healing robots moderated by attachment avoidance[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2026, 47(4): 915-926.

图/表 11

图1 “视觉注意-情感整合”认知机制模型

Fig. 1 “Visual attention-emotion integration” cognitive mechanism model

图2 实验材料

Fig. 2 Experimental materials

图3 半身比例条件下的动态AOI划分示例

Fig. 3 Example of dynamic AOI delineation in the half-body proportion condition

图4 特写比例条件下的动态AOI划分示例

Fig. 4 Example of dynamic AOI delineation in the close-up proportion condition

表1 主观问卷题项

Table 1 Subjective questionnaire items

维度	题项
情感联结	在交互过程中感受到了真诚在交互过程中感受到了被理解在交互过程中感受到了亲切与放松
任务目标	在交互过程中感受到了易于交谈性在交互过程中感受到了专业性在交互过程中感受到了可靠性
满意度	这段交互体验是愉快的，以后我愿意继续与它交流

表2 面部AOI方差分析结果

Table 2 ANOVA results for face AOIs

回避分组	首次注视时间/s		注视总持续时间/s		总访问持续时间占比		平均注视持续时间/s
回避分组	高	低	高	低	高	低	高	低
截距	145.35***	160.43***	508.34***	610.82***	1010.66***	1601.75***	342.34***	362.76***
拟人化	13.06**	4.83*	49.50***	43.43***	29.40***	39.51***	12.66**	11.03***
交互风格	0.06	0.20	0.01	0.13	0.82	0.33	0.99	0.12
身体比例	13.67***	50.46***	18.07***	29.41***	76.58***	118.30***	1.17	5.62*
拟人化×交互风格	0.69	5.26*	0.62	0.00	0.03	0.53	0.73	0.39
拟人化×身体比例	1.25	7.37**	0.30	0.56	1.56	7.83**	1.81	0.22
交互风格×身体比例	0.40	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.11	0.62	0.06	0.79
拟人化×交互风格×身体比例	0.11	0.01	0.00	0.17	0.68	0.01	0.45	1.07

表3 手部AOI方差分析结果

Table 3 ANOVA results for hand AOIs

回避分组	首次注视时间/s		注视总持续时间/s		总访问持续时间占比		平均注视持续时间/s
回避分组	高	低	高	低	高	低	高	低
截距	110.49***	117.04***	138.90***	95.35***	136.05***	< 0.001	287.36***	303.64***
拟人化	26.71***	34.80***	2.16	0.98	0.01	0.382	5.04*	0.88
交互风格	1.19	2.01	6.61*	0.01	6.76*	0.785	0.39	1.15
拟人化×交互风格	0.02	5.19*	4.99*	0.54	5.06*	0.946	0.40	4.26*

表4 主观评价方差分析结果

Table 4 ANOVA results for subjective evaluations

回避分组	情感联结		任务目标		满意度
回避分组	高	低	高	低	高	低
截距	2 078.41***	2 310.77***	2 051.03***	2 288.01***	880.01***	1 452.61***
拟人化	23.75***	16.39***	22.46***	9.18**	12.23***	10.41**
交互风格	12.09***	8.65**	0.90	4.86*	4.59*	9.98**
身体比例	6.31**	3.39	11.36***	3.49	4.59*	2.66
拟人化×交互风格	4.79*	4.46*	4.44*	1.65	0.32	4.35*
拟人化×身体比例	0.25	0.08	1.34	0.03	5.61*	0.77
交互风格×身体比例	1.07	1.46	0.28	0.21	2.86	0.77
拟人化×交互风格×身体比例	0.15	0.56	1.11	0.41	0.62	0.07

图5 SSA-BP-SHAP视觉认知特征与疗愈效果预测模型

Fig. 5 SSA-BP-SHAP visual cognitive characteristics and healing effect prediction model

图6 高回避依恋组SHAP分析((a) 高回避依恋组情感联结维度的特征重要性；(b) 高回避依恋组情感联结维度的蜂群图；(c) 高回避依恋组任务目标维度的特征重要性；(d) 高回避依恋组任务目标维度的蜂群图) 注：TFF表示首次注视时间(Time to First Fixation)；TFD表示注视总持续时间(Total Fixation Duration)；PTVD表示总访问持续时间占比(Proportion of Total Visit Duration)；MFD表示平均注视持续时间(Mean Fixation Duration)；F表示面部区域(Face)；H表示手部区域(Hands)。

Fig. 6 SHAP analysis of the high-avoidance attachment group ((a) The feature importance of emotional connection dimension in high avoidant attachment group；(b) The bee colony diagram of the emotional connection dimension of the high avoidance attachment group；(c) The feature importance of task goal dimension in high avoidant attachment group；(d) The bee colony diagram of task goal dimension of high avoidance attachment group)

图7 低回避依恋组SHAP分析((a) 低回避依恋组情感联结维度的特征重要性；(b) 低回避依恋组情感联结维度的蜂群图；(c) 低回避依恋组任务目标维度的特征重要性；(d) 低回避依恋组任务目标维度的蜂群图) 注：TFF表示首次注视时间(Time to First Fixation)；TFD表示注视总持续时间(Total Fixation Duration)；PTVD表示总访问持续时间占比(Proportion of Total Visit Duration)；MFD表示平均注视持续时间(Mean Fixation Duration)；F表示面部区域(Face)；H表示手部区域(Hands)。

Fig. 7 SHAP analysis of the low-avoidance attachment group ((a) The characteristic importance of emotional connection dimension in low avoidance attachment group; (b) The bee colony diagram of the emotional connection dimension of the low avoidance attachment group; (c) The feature importance of task goal dimension in low avoidance attachment group; (d) The bee colony diagram of task goal dimension of low avoidance attachment group)

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