航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构分析与研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025051072

图学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1072-1084.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025051072

航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构分析与研究

詹轲倚¹^,²^,³(), 黄维娜¹^,², 淳道勇⁴, 桂咏涛¹^,², 张椿林¹^,²

¹ 中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所，贵州贵阳 550081
² 贵州省转子结构完整性重点实验室，贵州贵阳 550081
³ 清华大学航空发动机研究院，北京 100084
⁴ 海装广州局驻贵阳地区军事代表室，贵州贵阳 550081

收稿日期:2024-11-01 接受日期:2025-04-12 出版日期:2025-10-30 发布日期:2025-09-10
第一作者:詹轲倚(1992-)，男，博士研究生。主要研究方向为航空发动机健康管理。E-mail：aecc_gys_zky@yeah.net
基金资助:
中国航发集团自主创新基金(ZZCX-2024-0062);贵州省重大科技专项(2025-001)

Analysis and research on the functional architecture of aero-engine health management system

ZHAN Keyi¹^,²^,³(), HUANG Weina¹^,², CHUN Daoyong⁴, GUI Yongtao¹^,², ZHANG Chunlin¹^,²

¹ AECC Guiyang Engine Research Institute, Guiyang Guizhou 550081, China
² Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Rotor Structural Integrity, Guiyang Guizhou 550081, China
³ The Institute for Aero Engine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁴ Naval Equipment Department, Guangzhou Bureau, Military Representative Office in Guiyang Area, Guiyang Guizhou 550081, China

Received:2024-11-01 Accepted:2025-04-12 Published:2025-10-30 Online:2025-09-10
First author：ZHAN Keyi (1992-), PhD candidate. His main research interest covers aero engine health management. E-mail：aecc_gys_zky@yeah.net
Supported by:
The Independent Innovation Special Fund Project of Aero-Engine Corporation of China(ZZCX-2024-0062);Major Science and Technology Special Project of Guizhou Province(2025-001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对复杂系统需求边界模糊与架构动态优化难题，融合MagicGrid方法论，提出了“场景-需求-功能-逻辑-物理”五层协同建模框架。基于系统建模语言在MagicDraw平台开展航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构分析与研究：①通过内部块图建立利益相关方交互关系拓扑，实现场景驱动的系统边界定义；②利用需求图构建可追溯性矩阵，完成场景验证与需求完整性分析；③基于用例图-活动图动态组合建模功能行为，经模块化分解形成技术独立的逻辑架构；④通过块定义图与内部块图构建物理模型，借助接口标准化实现逻辑组件与物理实体的解耦设计。案例验证表明，该方法在降低功能重叠率、提升预测效率、敏捷评估状态影响并降低虚警率上具有显著成效。研究成果不仅构建了航空发动机健康管理系统的全生命周期建模范式，实现了场景-需求-功能-物理全链条追溯，拓展了图学方法在MBSE领域的工程应用场景，其多视图协同建模机制对复杂装备系统设计具有普适参考价值。

关键词: 航空发动机, 健康管理系统, 基于模型的系统工程, 系统建模语言, 功能架构

Abstract:

To address the challenges of ambiguous requirement boundaries and dynamic architecture optimization in complex systems, integrating the MagicGrid methodology, a five-layer collaborative modeling framework was established, encompassing “scenario-requirement-function-logic-physical” domain. Model-Based Systems Engineering MBSE using the Systems Modeling Language was carried out on the MagicDraw platform, and functional architecture practices were conducted for an aero-engine health management system. The methodology was divided into four critical phases: ① Scenario-driven system boundary definition through internal block diagrams modeling stakeholder interaction topology; ② Scenario verification and requirement integrity analysis using traceability matrices constructed from requirement diagrams; ③ Dynamic functional behavior modeling via combined use case-activity diagrams, where modular decomposition was used to derive technology-neutral logical architectures; ④ Physical implementation modeling employing block definition diagrams and internal block diagram achieving logic-physical decoupling through standardized interface design. The case validation demonstrated that the proposed method achieved significant effectiveness in reducing functional overlap rate, improving prediction efficiency, enabling agile assessment of state impacts, and lowering the false alarm rate. The research not only established a full-lifecycle modeling paradigm for aero-engine health management systems, realizing end-to-end traceability spanning scenarios, requirements, functions, and physical components, but also expanded the engineering application scenarios of graphic methodologies in the MBSE domain. The multi-view collaborative modeling mechanism was shown to be of universal reference value for complex equipment system design, particularly for resolving cross-domain requirement conflicts and supporting traceable architecture evolution.

Key words: aero-engine, health management system, model-based systems engineering, system modeling language, functional architecture

中图分类号:

V263.6

詹轲倚, 黄维娜, 淳道勇, 桂咏涛, 张椿林. 航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构分析与研究[J]. 图学学报, 2025, 46(5): 1072-1084.

ZHAN Keyi, HUANG Weina, CHUN Daoyong, GUI Yongtao, ZHANG Chunlin. Analysis and research on the functional architecture of aero-engine health management system[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(5): 1072-1084.

图/表 22

图1 F135发动机机载PHM系统

Fig. 1 F135 Engine on-board PHM system

图2 美国普惠发动机运行安全保障图

Fig. 2 U.S. Pratt & Whitney engine operational safety assurance system

图3 SysML的基本图类型

Fig. 3 Basic diagram types of SysML

表1 MBSE方法论对比

Table 1 Comparison of MBSE methodologies

类型	OOSEM	Harmony-SE	MagicGrid
SysML兼容性	利用SysML的面向对象的概念进行设计，对标准的支持度很高	未完全兼容SysML的9类图，针对指标的计算支持度低	标准兼容性最高，将诸如行为图与参数图结合使用，动态表示系统的指标变化
建模灵活性	面向对象方法通常会引入一些复杂性，特别是对于小型项目或简单的系统工程任务可能会显得过于繁琐	需要较为严格按照流程建模，才能够满足模型的一致性检查或仿真要求；建模过程复杂	对SysML支持完整，可以在方法论制定和剪裁过程中提供好的基础和引导，对各方法论适用性较强
适用领域	原始形式是集成系统和软件工程过程，后进一步完善和发展使其适用范围可以面向对象的软件开发、硬件开发和测试综合	主要被用于大型综合系统和软件开发流程，适用于软件开发和嵌入式软件开发	根据方法论的特性其对机械、电气、液压等物理建模的支持力度较大
工具支持	无专用的OOSEM流程框架工具，可由OMG SysML工具及相关需求管理工具	由IBM提供对Harmony-SE方法支撑，不同阶段的建模过程在Rhapsody软件中都用相应的工具模块支持	用MagicDraw可完整支持方法论，其他工具只要支持SysML标准，也可进行方法论的适配

图4 功能逻辑模型构建架构

Fig. 4 Functional logic model construction architecture

图5 发动机健康管理系统机载使用环境图

Fig. 5 On-board usage environment for engine health management systems

图6 发动机健康管理系统地面使用环境图

Fig. 6 Ground usage environment for engine health management systems

图7 系统需求图

Fig. 7 Stakeholder requirements

图8 发动机健康管理系统用例图

Fig. 8 Engine health management system use cases

图9 机载使用用例场景活动图

Fig. 9 On-board usage use case scenario activities

图10 地面单机单次使用场景活动图

Fig. 10 Ground single unit single usage scenario activities

图11 地面单机多次使用场景活动图

Fig. 11 Ground single unit multiple usage scenario activities

图12 多机多次使用场景活动图

Fig. 12 Multi-unit multiple usage scenario activities

图13 健康监视系统功能块图

Fig. 13 Health monitoring system functional block

图14 发动机健康管理系统机载部分内部块图

Fig. 14 Engine health management system on-board section internal blocks

图15 功能需求与系统功能追溯关系图

Fig. 15 Traceability relationship between functional requirements and system functions

图16 发动机健康管理系统架构

Fig. 16 Engine health management system architecture

图17 机载EMU内部模块图

Fig. 17 On-board EMU internal modules

图18 发动机健康管理系统组成与功能追溯关系(案例)

Fig. 18 Composition and function traceability relationship of the engine health management system (case study)

表2 健康管理系统与控制系统在功能差异分析

Table 2 Functional differences analysis between health management systems and control systems

时间/h	涡轮后温度/℃	控制系统	健康管理系统
0	500	正常控制	记录初始温度，建立温度基线
100	520	正常控制	监控温度变化，分析趋势
200	550	调整燃油供给，降低温度	预测叶片寿命，发出预警
300	580	进一步调整策略	建议检修或部件更换

图19 指导架构设计与优化

Fig. 19 Guidance on architecture design and optimization

图20 敏捷技术状态变化影响评估

Fig. 20 Agile impact assessment of technical state changes

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航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构分析与研究

Analysis and research on the functional architecture of aero-engine health management system

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