基于MBSE的复杂成形装备概念设计方法

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2026010179

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

复杂成形装备的传统研制方式通常采用基于文档的系统工程(DBSE)方法开展，存在需求分析不完善导致研发缓慢、文本二义性导致需求覆盖不全、装备进展落后于技术迭代等问题，造成设计出的复杂成形装备存在设计指标不满足使用要求、反复修改致使设计效率低下等问题。因此，在复杂成形装备概念设计阶段，参考美国国防部体系结构框架(DoDAF)，结合基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)，提出了基于MBSE的复杂成形装备概念设计方法。并以全景、能力、运行、系统及标准共5类视角作为复杂成形装备概念设计的切入点，通过多类视角切入分析开展复杂成形装备顶层需求获取、需求细化分析、功能分析及系统建模共4层级设计，并使用系统建模语言(SysML)建立起11种模型，实现复杂成形装备概念设计阶段的数字化和流程化表达。最后，以超塑成形装备作为典型实例进行设计方法的应用演示。通过实际应用解决了传统设计方式痛点问题，表明了方法对复杂成形装备的正向研制有良好的指导作用。

关键词: 复杂成形装备, MBSE, DoDAF, SysML, 概念设计方法

Abstract:

The traditional development approach for complex forming equipment typically relies on Document-Based Systems Engineering (DBSE), which often leads to issues such as protracted development cycles due to inadequate requirement analysis, incomplete requirement coverage caused by textual ambiguity, and equipment development delays lagging behind technological iterations. These shortcomings frequently result in final designs that fail to meet target performance metrics and require inefficient, repetitive modifications. Therefore, in the conceptual design stage of complex forming equipment, and drawing on the U.S. Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) combined with Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), an MBSE-based conceptual-design method for complex forming equipment was proposed. This method utilized five viewpoints, including panoramic viewpoint, capability viewpoint, operational viewpoint, systems viewpoint, and standards viewpoint, as entry points for the conceptual design of complex forming equipment. Through multi-perspective analysis, the method performed top-level requirements acquisition, requirements refinement analysis, functional analysis, and system modeling across four design levels. Eleven types of models were established using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), enabling digital and procedural expression in the conceptual design stage of complex forming equipment. Finally, superplastic-forming equipment was used as a representative example to demonstrate the application of this design method. The application of the method addressed the shortcomings of traditional design approaches and demonstrated that the method provided effective guidance for the forward development of complex forming equipment.

Key words: complex forming equipment, MBSE, DoDAF, SysML, conceptual design method

中图分类号:

TH122

王博雅, 王绍宗, 杨万然, 周兴炜, 侯亮, 熊成悦. 基于MBSE的复杂成形装备概念设计方法[J]. 图学学报, 2026, 47(1): 179-193.

WANG Boya, WANG Shaozong, YANG Wanran, ZHOU Xingwei, HOU Liang, XIONG Chengyue. MBSE-based conceptual design method for complex forming equipment[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2026, 47(1): 179-193.

图/表 15

图1 基于MBSE的复杂成形装备概念设计流程

Fig. 1 MBSE-based conceptual design process for complex forming equipment

图2 综述和概要信息模型

Fig. 2 Overview and summary information model

图3 构想模型

Fig. 3 Conceptual model

图4 能力分类模型

Fig. 4 Capability taxonomy model

图5 能力依赖关系模型

Fig. 5 Capability dependency model

图6 顶层活动概念图

Fig. 6 Top-Level operational concept graphic

图7 运行活动模型

Fig. 7 Operational activity model

图8 运行状态转换模型

Fig. 8 Operational state transition model

图9 系统接口描述模型

Fig. 9 System interface description model

图10 系统功能模型

Fig. 10 System function model

图11 系统功能与运行活动跟踪矩阵

Fig. 11 System function to operational activity traceability matrix

图12 标准概要模型

Fig. 12 Standards profile model

图13 系统功能模型仿真分析

Fig. 13 Simulation analysis of system function model

图14 标准概要模型仿真对话框

Fig. 14 Standards profile model simulation dialog box

图15 需求覆盖率

Fig. 15 Demand coverage rate

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