Compliance checking approach for BIM structural model under semantic web

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023020368

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the labor-intensive and low automation of the building information modeling (BIM) compliance checking process, a semantic web-based compliance checking approach for BIM structural model was proposed. The approach included three sub-modules: specification translation, BIM model processing, and compliance checking. The specification translation sub-module can transform semi-structured design specification clauses into structured knowledge, allowing for flexible query and reasoning. The BIM model processing sub-module can realize the extraction, transformation, and mapping of BIM model information. The compliance checking sub-module can implement the rules and generate checking reports. The method started from the way that the first order predicate logic represented the structural design specification. By deploying the ontology construction tool protégé, the BIM structural model information and design specification clauses were translated into the ontology knowledge base through mapping and semantic web rule language (SWRL), thus enabling the query, reasoning, and compliance checking of the BIM structural model. Finally, the frame-structure project verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the approach. This study could provide a reference method for automatic compliance checking of structural design based on BIM models.

Key words: semantic web, compliance checking, building information modeling, ontology, structural design

CLC Number:

TP391

ZHANG Ji-song, YU Ze-han, LI Hai-jiang. Compliance checking approach for BIM structural model under semantic web[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(2): 368-379.

Figures/Tables 13

References 65

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名称	国家	简介
Solibri Model Checker (SMC)^[28]	芬兰	基于Java的BIM软件应用平台，能够检查施工之前和之中的设计问题。可以自动查看检查问题及输出报告，包括PDF和XML以及可视化等方式，检查的对象是以IFC形式表达的模型
CORENET e-PlanCheck^[29]	新加坡	使用了挪威的EDM模型服务器，目前已经实现了在建筑规划和建筑服务2大类的诸多规范检查，自动化程度高、扩展方便
Jotne EDModelChecker (EDM)^[30]	挪威	提供对象数据库，并支持开源的EXPRESS语言的规范检查开发和复杂扩展，能一次对大型建筑项目或多个主题实现检查
SMARTcodes^[31]	美国	国际规范委员会(International Code Council，ICC)开发的SMARTcodes规则检查平台，目前主要用于住宅和商业相关建筑的规范检查，SMARTcodes builders可以通过事先建立的包含领域概念的领域词典来快速翻译自然语言表达的规则
广联达BIM审图软件^[32]	中国	广联达BIM审图软件能进行针对三维建筑信息模型的空间碰撞、门窗开启、楼梯净高、管线冲突等检查，能支持Revit，Tekla和Magicad等主流BIM软件的格式
广州市施工图设计文件审查管理系统	中国	该系统是一个人工智能审查平台，通过插件将各类BIM软件所建模型导出为统一格式的标准数据库，可实现对建筑、结构、水、暖、电、人防、消防及节能等专业的智能审查

名称	国家	简介
Solibri Model Checker (SMC)^[28]	芬兰	基于Java的BIM软件应用平台，能够检查施工之前和之中的设计问题。可以自动查看检查问题及输出报告，包括PDF和XML以及可视化等方式，检查的对象是以IFC形式表达的模型
CORENET e-PlanCheck^[29]	新加坡	使用了挪威的EDM模型服务器，目前已经实现了在建筑规划和建筑服务2大类的诸多规范检查，自动化程度高、扩展方便
Jotne EDModelChecker (EDM)^[30]	挪威	提供对象数据库，并支持开源的EXPRESS语言的规范检查开发和复杂扩展，能一次对大型建筑项目或多个主题实现检查
SMARTcodes^[31]	美国	国际规范委员会(International Code Council，ICC)开发的SMARTcodes规则检查平台，目前主要用于住宅和商业相关建筑的规范检查，SMARTcodes builders可以通过事先建立的包含领域概念的领域词典来快速翻译自然语言表达的规则
广联达BIM审图软件^[32]	中国	广联达BIM审图软件能进行针对三维建筑信息模型的空间碰撞、门窗开启、楼梯净高、管线冲突等检查，能支持Revit，Tekla和Magicad等主流BIM软件的格式
广州市施工图设计文件审查管理系统	中国	该系统是一个人工智能审查平台，通过插件将各类BIM软件所建模型导出为统一格式的标准数据库，可实现对建筑、结构、水、暖、电、人防、消防及节能等专业的智能审查

条款	条款原文	转译后	所用谓词和对应描述
11.3.5	(1) 梁截面宽度不宜小于200 mm	∀x(BeamB(x)→More(x,200))	BeamB(x)：x是框架梁截面宽度 BeamH(y)：y是框架梁截面高度 BeamL(z)：z是框架梁净跨 More(x,y)：x大于y Less(x,y)：x小于y Divide(x,y,z)：x是y除以z的算术商
	(2) 梁截面高度与宽度比不宜大于4	∀x∀y(BeamB(x)^BeamH(y)^ Divide(z,y,x)→Less(z,4))
	(3) 梁净跨与截面高度比不宜小于4	∀z∀y(BeamL(z)^BeamH(y)^ Divide(x,z,y))→More(x,4)
11.4.6-1	(1) 考虑地震组合的矩形截面且剪跨比λ大于2框架柱，其受剪截面剪力 ${{V}_{c}}\le \frac{1}{{{\gamma }_{RE}}}(0.2{{\beta }_{c}}{{f}_{c}}b{{h}_{0}})$	∀x1∀x2(Column(x1)^ColumnSection(y1)^ Equal(y1,Rectangle)^ColumnShearSpanRate(y2)^ More(y2,2)^ColumnVc(x2)^ ColumnRre(z1)^ConcreteBc(z2)^ ConcreteFc(z3)^ColumnB(z4)^ ColumnH0(z5)^Multiply(z6,0.2,z2,z3,z4,z5)^ Divide(z7,z6,z1)→Less(x2,z7))	Column(x)：x是框架柱 ColumnSection(y)：y是截面形状 ColumnShearSpanRate(y)： y是剪跨比ColumnVc(x)： x是受剪截面剪力设计值 ColumnRre(z)：z是承载力抗震调整系数 ConcreteBc(z)：z是砼强度影响系数 ConcreteFc(z)：z是砼抗压强度设计值 ColumnB(y)：y是框架柱截面宽度 ColumnH0(y)：y是框架柱截面有效高度 Equal(x,y)：x等于y More(x,y)：x大于y Less(x,y)：x小于y Multiply(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)： a是b,c,d,e,f,g的算术积 Divide(x,y,z)：x是y除以z的算术商
11.4.6-1	(2) 剪跨比λ小于2时，其受截面剪力 ${{V}_{c}}\le \frac{1}{{{\gamma }_{RE}}}(0.15{{\beta }_{c}}{{f}_{c}}b{{h}_{0}})$	∀x1∀x2(Column(x1)^ColumnSection(y1)^ Equal(y1,Rectangle)^ ColumnShearSpanRate(y2)^ Less(y2,2)^ColumnVc(x2)^ ColumnRre(z1)^ConcreteBc(z2)^ ConcreteFc(z3)^ColumnB(z4)^ ColumnH0(z5)^Multiply (z6,0.15,z2,z3,z4,z5)^ Divide(z7,z6,z1)→Less(x2,z7))
11.4.16-1	(1) 框架结构中一级抗震等级框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.65	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(1)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.65))	Column(x)：x是框架柱 SeismicGrade(x)：抗震等级为x ColumnAxialLoad(y)：y是轴压力 ConcreteFc(y)：y是砼抗压强度设计值 ColumnB(y)：y是框架柱截面宽度 ColumnH(y)：y是框架柱截面高度 Less(x,y)：x小于y Multiply(a,b,c,d)： a是b,c,d的算术积 Divide(x,y,z)： x是y除以z的算术商
	(2) 框架结构中二级抗震等级框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.75	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(2)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.75))
	(3) 框架结构中三级抗震等级框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.85	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(3)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.85))
	(4) 框架结构中四级抗震等级的框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.90	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(4)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.9))

条款	条款原文	转译后	所用谓词和对应描述
11.3.5	(1) 梁截面宽度不宜小于200 mm	∀x(BeamB(x)→More(x,200))	BeamB(x)：x是框架梁截面宽度 BeamH(y)：y是框架梁截面高度 BeamL(z)：z是框架梁净跨 More(x,y)：x大于y Less(x,y)：x小于y Divide(x,y,z)：x是y除以z的算术商
	(2) 梁截面高度与宽度比不宜大于4	∀x∀y(BeamB(x)^BeamH(y)^ Divide(z,y,x)→Less(z,4))
	(3) 梁净跨与截面高度比不宜小于4	∀z∀y(BeamL(z)^BeamH(y)^ Divide(x,z,y))→More(x,4)
11.4.6-1	(1) 考虑地震组合的矩形截面且剪跨比λ大于2框架柱，其受剪截面剪力 ${{V}_{c}}\le \frac{1}{{{\gamma }_{RE}}}(0.2{{\beta }_{c}}{{f}_{c}}b{{h}_{0}})$	∀x1∀x2(Column(x1)^ColumnSection(y1)^ Equal(y1,Rectangle)^ColumnShearSpanRate(y2)^ More(y2,2)^ColumnVc(x2)^ ColumnRre(z1)^ConcreteBc(z2)^ ConcreteFc(z3)^ColumnB(z4)^ ColumnH0(z5)^Multiply(z6,0.2,z2,z3,z4,z5)^ Divide(z7,z6,z1)→Less(x2,z7))	Column(x)：x是框架柱 ColumnSection(y)：y是截面形状 ColumnShearSpanRate(y)： y是剪跨比ColumnVc(x)： x是受剪截面剪力设计值 ColumnRre(z)：z是承载力抗震调整系数 ConcreteBc(z)：z是砼强度影响系数 ConcreteFc(z)：z是砼抗压强度设计值 ColumnB(y)：y是框架柱截面宽度 ColumnH0(y)：y是框架柱截面有效高度 Equal(x,y)：x等于y More(x,y)：x大于y Less(x,y)：x小于y Multiply(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)： a是b,c,d,e,f,g的算术积 Divide(x,y,z)：x是y除以z的算术商
11.4.6-1	(2) 剪跨比λ小于2时，其受截面剪力 ${{V}_{c}}\le \frac{1}{{{\gamma }_{RE}}}(0.15{{\beta }_{c}}{{f}_{c}}b{{h}_{0}})$	∀x1∀x2(Column(x1)^ColumnSection(y1)^ Equal(y1,Rectangle)^ ColumnShearSpanRate(y2)^ Less(y2,2)^ColumnVc(x2)^ ColumnRre(z1)^ConcreteBc(z2)^ ConcreteFc(z3)^ColumnB(z4)^ ColumnH0(z5)^Multiply (z6,0.15,z2,z3,z4,z5)^ Divide(z7,z6,z1)→Less(x2,z7))
11.4.16-1	(1) 框架结构中一级抗震等级框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.65	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(1)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.65))	Column(x)：x是框架柱 SeismicGrade(x)：抗震等级为x ColumnAxialLoad(y)：y是轴压力 ConcreteFc(y)：y是砼抗压强度设计值 ColumnB(y)：y是框架柱截面宽度 ColumnH(y)：y是框架柱截面高度 Less(x,y)：x小于y Multiply(a,b,c,d)： a是b,c,d的算术积 Divide(x,y,z)： x是y除以z的算术商
	(2) 框架结构中二级抗震等级框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.75	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(2)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.75))
	(3) 框架结构中三级抗震等级框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.85	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(3)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.85))
	(4) 框架结构中四级抗震等级的框架柱轴压比不宜大于0.90	∀x∀z2(Column(x)^SeismicGrade(4)^ ColumnAxialLoad(y1)^ConcreteFc(y2)^ ColumnB(y3)^ColumnH(y4)^Multiply (z1,y2,y3,y4)^Divide(z2,y1,z1)→Less(z2,0.9))

编号		具体设计缺陷
KL1	1	受剪截面剪力1 500(700)
	2	受拉钢筋配筋率0.4(0.25)
	3	箍筋边缘距100(40)
KL8	4	混凝土受压区高度200(120)
	5	截面宽度100(200)
	6	截面高宽比5(4)
	7	截面跨高比3(4)
KL12	8	截面宽度180(200)
	9	截面高宽比4.1(4.0)
	10	箍筋加密区长度500(900)
KZ1	11	柱上端弯矩弯矩550(500)
KZ1	12	柱受剪截面剪力950(650)
KZ5	13	柱剪力设计值658(800)
KZ5	14	剪跨比1(2)
KZ7	15	箍筋加密区肢距350(250)
KZ7	16	轴压比0.9(0.75)