Parametric custom design of insoles based on 3D foot shape and plantar pressure distribution

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024030558

Abstract

Abstract:

To reduce peak plantar pressure, enhance the comfort of insole products, and prevent foot-related diseases, a process for designing parametric, customized, porous insoles was proposed. This process was driven by a three-dimensional foot model and plantar pressure distribution. First, a method was constructed for the automatic generation of highly adaptive insole models using the user’s three-dimensional foot model and relevant foot dimension parameters. Secondly, an image sampling algorithm was employed to establish a mapping point set for the distribution of plantar pressure on the user’s foot to the spatial density distribution in the insole. This served as the foundational data for generating spatial unit structures within the defined domain of the insole model through the Voronoi 3D tool. Finally, Voronoi skeletal lines adapted to the insole model’s boundary were extracted, and a porous insole mesh model was established by integrating a mesh generation algorithm. Dynamic and static plantar pressure experimental results indicated that, compared to traditional insoles, porous insoles designed based on foot shapes and pressure distribution could effectively reduce peak plantar pressure, increase the contact area on the plantar surface, and improve the symmetry of pressure distribution between the left and right feet.

Key words: 3D foot model, plantar pressure, parametrization, porous structure, customized design, Voronoi 3D

CLC Number:

TP47

HUANG Yi, ZHU Zhaohua, WANG Jia, ZHOU Kexuan. Parametric custom design of insoles based on 3D foot shape and plantar pressure distribution[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(3): 558-563.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 Acquisition process of 3D foot model

Fig. 2 Preprocessing of 3D foot model ((a) Noise and spike removal; (b) Model smoothing; (c) Model trimming)

Fig. 3 Reconstruction and error analysis of foot model ((a) Foot model reconstructed from 2 516 points; (b) Reconstruction error of the foot model)

Fig. 4 Experimental process of static foot pressure

Fig. 5 Static plantar pressure distribution nephogram

Fig. 6 Construction of insole flat contour shape

Fig. 7 Construction of parametric insole model ((a) Basic insole model; (b) Foot-shaped fitted insole model; (c) Insole size parameters)

Fig. 8 Sampling and mapping of plantar pressure distribution ((a) Random points generated within the insole plane contour; (b) Points corresponding to plantar pressure; (c) Circles showing positive correlation with plantar pressure variation; (d) Basic process of image sampling algorithm)

Fig. 9 Adjustment of point cloud density distribution ((a) Centers of circles positively correlated with plantar pressure variation; (b) Plane Voronoi diagrams based on circle centers; (c) Local point cloud density adjustment)

Fig. 10 Generation of Voronoi 3D point cloud

Fig. 11 Generation of Voronoi porous structure insole ((a) Voronoi space units; (b) Skeleton lines; (c) Porous insole model)

Fig. 12 3D printing and performance testing of insoles ((a) Prefabricated and customized insoles; (b) Static plantar pressure testing; (c) Dynamic plantar pressure testing)

Fig. 13 Static plantar pressure distribution ((a) Wearing prefabricated insoles; (b) Wearing custom-designed insoles)

Fig. 14 The center of pressure trajectory of the foot ((a) Wearing prefabricated insoles; (b) Wearing custom-designed insoles)

Fig. 15 Mean curve of plantar pressure during one gait cycle

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