Research on stylization method of copper chiseling paper-cutting

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024010126

Abstract

Abstract:

Copper chiseling paper-cutting is a traditional art form that involves chiseling copper foil and coloring it with mineral pigments, resulting in dazzling final products. The production process of copper chiseling paper-cutting art is complex and time-consuming, requiring a high level of technical proficiency from craftspeople. A method for stylizing copper chiseling paper-cutting was proposed, along with the design and implementation of a computer-assisted design tool for this art. This tool generated image outlines, chiseled point maps, and effect images of copper chiseling paper-cutting, aiding artisans in quickly completing the creation and production of this art. The input image was segmented to extract its lines, thus generating image outlines. A color loss function was defined to obtain the optimal color mapping scheme using a combination of a greedy algorithm and gradient descent method. Style transfer of the image lines was performed using the VGG-19 network to generate chiseled point maps. The line-style-transferred image was merged with the color-transferred image to generate the copper chiseling paper-cutting effect image. The design tool for the copper chiseling paper-cutting art was developed based on the PyQt5 framework, which provided an interactive platform. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can quickly stylize images in the copper chiseling paper-cutting style, closely resembling the actual art form. It facilitated craftspeople in rapidly generating relevant materials such as image outlines, chiseled point maps, and effect images for the production process, thereby enhancing the efficiency of producing copper chiseling paper-cutting art and offering significant practical value.

Key words: copper chiseling paper-cutting, style transfer, computer aided design tools, convolutional neural network, color migration

CLC Number:

TP391

ZHOU Leijing, ZHANG Yuxin, LEI Rui, SHEN Aoyi. Research on stylization method of copper chiseling paper-cutting[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(1): 126-138.

Figures/Tables 24

Fig. 1 Copper chiseling paper-cutting process flow

Fig. 2 Technical flowchart of the method in this article

Fig. 3 Copper chiseling paper-cutting process flow and technical assistance

Fig. 4 Obtaining binary image using adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm ((a) Original drawing; (b) Binary image)

Fig. 5 Screen out fine lines based on the area of the connected domain ((a) Original binary image; (b) Fine lines filtered)

Fig. 6 Using median filtering to smooth line edges

Fig. 7 Copper chiseling paper-cutting line style diagram, target content diagram and copper chiseling paper-cutting style line diagram ((a) Style map; (b) Target content map; (c) Copper chiseling paper-cutting style line diagram)

Fig. 8 Filter high saturation colors ((a) Color style map; (b) Extracted main colors; (c) Filtered high saturation colors)

Fig. 9 Color clustering segmentation using K-means clustering ((a) Original image; (b) Clustering image)

Fig. 10 Using median filtering to remove fine areas ((a) Remove fine areas; (b) Original image; (c) After removing fine areas)

Fig. 11 Color mapping scheme

Fig. 12 Color transfer results obtained using different color style maps

Fig. 13 Interactive interface of copper chiseling paper-cutting stylized design tool

Fig. 14 Copper chiseling paper-cutting stylized design tool generates images ((a) Original drawing; (b) Line draft; (c) Chiseling drawing; (d) Copper chisel paper cuttings effect drawing)

Fig. 15 Color transfer results of different weight factors and color quantity combinations

Fig. 16 Stylization results of different weight factors ((a) Original image; (b) 1×10-2; (c) 1×10-3; (d) 1×10-4; (e) 1×10-5; (f)1×10-6)

Fig. 17 Stylized original image

Fig. 18 Stylized renderings of copper chisel paper cuttings using images with different color styles ((a), (c), (e) Color style picture; (b), (d), (f) Effect picture)

Fig. 19 The processing effect of different types of images ((a) Original; (b) Color style diagram; (c) Line draft; (d) Chisel point diagram; (e) Copper chiseling paper-cutting effect diagram)

Table 1 Processing time of each image

图像名称	图像尺寸	处理时间/s
雏菊	720×1280	27.67
蝴蝶兰	658×1002	16.50
鹦鹉	564×846	8.77
兔子	600×388	5.92
天坛	800×534	9.65
墙面	800×533	12.34

Fig. 20 Comparison between the results of this article and those of other methods ((a) Original image; (b) Based on the method proposed in this paper; (c) Ref [8]; (d) StyTr2[12]; (e) IEST[11]; (f) MCCNet[9]; (g) ArtFlow[10])

Fig. 21 Comparison algorithm style chart

Fig. 22 Comparative display of local details ((a) Original image; (b) Based on the method proposed in this paper; (c) Ref[8]; (d) StyTr2[12]; (e) IEST[11]; (f) MCCNet[9]; (g) ArtFlow[10])

Table 2 Experimental evaluation indicators and average scores

评估指标	平均得分	方差
线稿质量	4.32	0.51
凿点图质量	3.82	0.54
铜凿剪纸效果图风格迁移效果	4.41	0.34
铜凿剪纸效果图美观性	4.41	0.54

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