基于正向设计的动车组牵引系统建模与实现

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024020347

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着轨道交通产品复杂程度的提高、智能水平的发展，动车组牵引系统的设计需要更有效的需求分析手段、更可靠的建模分析方法、正向可追溯的设计手段以及高质量的实现形式。以动车组牵引系统为研究对象，通过基于系统建模语言(SysML)的需求分析模型，结合基于标准需求-功能-架构-物理(RFLP)的建模分析方法，从牵引系统的设计需求出发，进行完整的用例分析，创建包含架构模型和状态机模型的牵引系统功能模型，通过块定义图和内部块图展示牵引系统与外部系统以及牵引内部各子系统之间的交互信息，通过用户界面(UI)实现牵引系统运营场景的操作，展示牵引系统在运行过程中的状态变化，实现牵引系统功能逻辑仿真，形成正向可追溯的牵引系统设计实现方案。将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)的设计手段落地应用于动车组设计过程中，为动车组的设计提供正向设计指导。

关键词: 动车组, 牵引系统, MBSE, SysML, RFLP

Abstract:

With the increasing complexity of rail transit products and the development of intelligent level, the design of electric multiple units (EMU) traction systems demands more effective requirement analysis methods, more reliable modeling analysis methods, positive traceability design methods, and high-quality implementation forms. Taking the traction system of EMU as the research object, this study utilized the requirements analysis model based on system modeling language (SysML) language and combined it with a modeling analysis method based on the standard requirement-function-logical-physical (RFLP). Starting from the design requirements of the traction system, a complete use case analysis was carried out, leading to the creation of a functional model of the traction system, including both the architecture model and the state machine model. The interactive information between the traction system, external system, and internal subsystems was displayed through block definition diagram and internal block diagram. The operation scenarios of the traction system were realized through UI interfaces, and the state changes of the traction system during operation were displayed. Functional logic simulation of the traction system was realized, and a positive traceable design and implementation scheme of the traction system was formed. The design method based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) was applied to the design process of EMU, thereby providing forward design guidance for the design of EMU.

Key words: electric multiple units, traction system, MBSE, SysML, RFLP

中图分类号:

TP391

王海芳, 张雷, 王鑫, 孙铭桧, 薛莲敏. 基于正向设计的动车组牵引系统建模与实现[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(2): 347-354.

WANG Haifang, ZHANG Lei, WANG Xin, SUN Minghui, XUE Lianmin. Modeling and implementation of EMU traction system based on top down design[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(2): 347-354.

图/表 14

图1 建模方法流程

Fig. 1 Modeling methodology process

图2 牵引系统需求((a)需求表; (b)需求图)

Fig. 2 Requirements form of traction system ((a) Requirements table; (b) Requirements diagram)

图3 牵引系统正常运行用例分析

Fig. 3 Use case analysis of normal operation of traction system

图4 牵引系统中“牵引加速”黑盒活动图

Fig. 4 Black box activity diagram for “traction acceleration” in the traction system

图5 “实现牵引”的白盒活动图

Fig. 5 White box activity diagram for “achieving traction”

图6 “实现牵引”的功能模块

Fig. 6 Functional module for “achieving traction”

图7 牵引系统逻辑接口图

Fig. 7 Logical interface diagram of traction system

图8 牵引系统重量分配模型

Fig. 8 Weight distribution model of traction system

表1 各标准各方案实际值

Table 1 The actual value of each standard

方案	成本/ 万元	重量/ kg	体积/ cm³	可靠性/ h	功率/ kVA
主辅分离车控	350	4 240	6 160	3 100	3 200
主辅一体架控	340	3 750	9 130	3 200	1 500
主辅一体轴控	400	4 000	10 690	3 500	3 800

表2 各方案的MOE分数

Table 2 MOE scores for each scheme

解决方案	成本/ 万元	重量/ kg	体积/ cm³	可靠性/ h	功率/ kVA
主辅分离车控	8.3	0	10.0	0	7.4
主辅一体架控	10.0	10.0	3.4	2.5	0
主辅一体轴控	0	4.9	0	10.0	10.0

表3 目标函数计算

Table 3 Objective function calculation

项点	权重	主辅分离车控		主辅一体架控		主辅一体轴控
项点	权重	值	得分	值	得分	值	得分
成本	0.30	83.0	2.49	10.0	3.000	0	0
重量	0.20	0	0	10.0	2.000	4.9	0.98
体积	0.20	10.0	2.00	3.4	0.680	0	0
可靠性	0.15	0	0	0.5	0.375	10.0	1.50
输出功率	0.15	7.4	1.11	0	0	10.0	1.50
得分汇总			5.60		6.055		3.98

图9 牵引系统状态机模型

Fig. 9 State machine model of traction system

图10 牵引系统仿真验证((a)控制面板；(b)运行曲线)

Fig. 10 Simulation verification of traction system ((a) Control panel; (b) Operating curve)

图11 牵引系统物理接口图

Fig. 11 Traction system physical interface diagram

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