Investigation of scene scaling gains in redirected walking within virtual reality

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025040793

Abstract

Abstract:

The continuous advancement of virtual reality (VR) technology offers increasingly immersive experiences. However, optimizing user perception and walking efficiency in virtual environments (VE) remains a pressing challenge. This study conducted user experiments to investigate the perception threshold of scaling gain, user acceptance of extreme scene downscaling, and the combined effects of scaling and translational gains, aiming to enhance interaction experiences in virtual environments. First, subjects performed a target-following task in virtual scenes with varying scaling gains. Perception data was collected across three different scenarios, revealing a discernible range of perception thresholds for scaling gain. Scene characteristics, including virtual scene size and object density, significantly influenced the perception thresholds. Subjects demonstrated varying sensitivity to scaling gain across different scenarios, with smaller virtual environments and higher object density resulting in narrower perception threshold ranges. Additionally, a Likert scale was used to evaluate subject acceptance of extreme scene downscaling. The results indicated that excessive downscaling substantially reduced comfort and negatively impacted user experience. Furthermore, experiments on the combined effects of scaling and translational gains showed minimal impact on user perception, with participants reporting low discomfort and high acceptance of the combined gains.

Key words: virtual reality, redirected walking, scaling gain, perceptual thresholds, translation gain

CLC Number:

TP391.9

DU Xin, REN Yangfu, XU Senzhe, WANG Juhong, ZHENG Yufei, ZHANG Songhai. Investigation of scene scaling gains in redirected walking within virtual reality[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(4): 793-806.

Figures/Tables 14

References 37

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被试者		场景1			场景2			场景3
被试者		25%	PSE	75%	25%	PSE	75%	25%	PSE	75%
男	1	0.699	0.902	1.110	0.977	1.030	1.080	1.010	1.050	1.090
	2	0.930	1.000	1.070	1.020	1.070	1.120	1.080	1.090	1.100
	3	0.966	1.150	1.340	0.909	0.978	1.050	0.995	1.070	1.140
	4	0.864	0.985	1.110	0.963	1.060	1.150	1.050	1.050	1.050
	5	1.150	1.320	1.500	0.990	1.050	1.110	1.010	1.050	1.090
	6	1.070	1.070	1.070	1.020	1.110	1.190	0.951	1.000	1.060
	7	0.930	1.000	1.070	0.943	1.020	1.100	1.010	1.050	1.090
	8	0.853	0.922	0.991	0.900	0.911	0.922	0.977	1.030	1.080
	9	0.795	0.883	0.971	1.020	1.070	1.120	1.020	1.070	1.120
	10	0.948	1.030	1.120	0.909	0.978	1.050	1.010	1.050	1.090
女	1	0.859	0.950	1.040	1.180	1.230	1.280	1.110	1.150	1.190
	2	0.878	0.944	1.010	1.020	1.020	1.020	0.977	0.989	1.000
	3	0.809	0.906	1.000	1.010	1.100	1.190	0.969	1.070	1.180
	4	0.788	0.800	0.812	0.890	0.900	0.910	0.988	1.000	1.010
	5	0.818	0.905	0.993	0.990	1.050	1.110	1.250	1.250	1.250
	6	0.681	0.780	0.878	0.961	1.030	1.090	1.000	1.010	1.020
	7	0.717	0.805	0.893	0.997	1.090	1.190	1.010	1.050	1.090
	8	1.290	1.460	1.620	0.842	0.895	0.949	0.881	0.891	0.900
	9	0.908	0.950	0.992	0.946	0.950	0.953	1.140	1.140	1.140
	10	0.694	0.783	0.871	0.934	1.040	1.140	1.100	1.110	1.120
男性平均		0.885	1.020	1.160	0.953	1.030	1.110	1.000	1.050	1.100
女性平均		0.775	0.928	1.080	0.945	1.040	1.130	0.989	1.070	1.150
全体平均		0.827	0.977	1.130	0.949	1.030	1.120	0.993	1.060	1.120

被试者		场景1			场景2			场景3
被试者		25%	PSE	75%	25%	PSE	75%	25%	PSE	75%
男	1	0.699	0.902	1.110	0.977	1.030	1.080	1.010	1.050	1.090
	2	0.930	1.000	1.070	1.020	1.070	1.120	1.080	1.090	1.100
	3	0.966	1.150	1.340	0.909	0.978	1.050	0.995	1.070	1.140
	4	0.864	0.985	1.110	0.963	1.060	1.150	1.050	1.050	1.050
	5	1.150	1.320	1.500	0.990	1.050	1.110	1.010	1.050	1.090
	6	1.070	1.070	1.070	1.020	1.110	1.190	0.951	1.000	1.060
	7	0.930	1.000	1.070	0.943	1.020	1.100	1.010	1.050	1.090
	8	0.853	0.922	0.991	0.900	0.911	0.922	0.977	1.030	1.080
	9	0.795	0.883	0.971	1.020	1.070	1.120	1.020	1.070	1.120
	10	0.948	1.030	1.120	0.909	0.978	1.050	1.010	1.050	1.090
女	1	0.859	0.950	1.040	1.180	1.230	1.280	1.110	1.150	1.190
	2	0.878	0.944	1.010	1.020	1.020	1.020	0.977	0.989	1.000
	3	0.809	0.906	1.000	1.010	1.100	1.190	0.969	1.070	1.180
	4	0.788	0.800	0.812	0.890	0.900	0.910	0.988	1.000	1.010
	5	0.818	0.905	0.993	0.990	1.050	1.110	1.250	1.250	1.250
	6	0.681	0.780	0.878	0.961	1.030	1.090	1.000	1.010	1.020
	7	0.717	0.805	0.893	0.997	1.090	1.190	1.010	1.050	1.090
	8	1.290	1.460	1.620	0.842	0.895	0.949	0.881	0.891	0.900
	9	0.908	0.950	0.992	0.946	0.950	0.953	1.140	1.140	1.140
	10	0.694	0.783	0.871	0.934	1.040	1.140	1.100	1.110	1.120
男性平均		0.885	1.020	1.160	0.953	1.030	1.110	1.000	1.050	1.100
女性平均		0.775	0.928	1.080	0.945	1.040	1.130	0.989	1.070	1.150
全体平均		0.827	0.977	1.130	0.949	1.030	1.120	0.993	1.060	1.120