集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统研究

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023040810

图学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 810-817.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2023040810

集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统研究

甘子琛¹(), 范晶晶¹, 薛芝婷², 林鼎量³, 许镇¹()

1.北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083
2.北京科技大学经济管理学院，北京 100083
3.北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院，北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-11-22 接受日期:2023-01-21 出版日期:2023-08-31 发布日期:2023-08-16
通讯作者: 许镇(1986-)，男，教授，博士。主要研究方向为城市综合数字防灾。E-mail：xuzhen@ustb.edu.cn
作者简介:
甘子琛(2001-)，男，本科生。主要研究方向为建筑市场治理。E-mail：Againforus@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0501002);2022年大学生双创项目(2022279018)

Research on design responsibility and right traceability system integrating BIM and blockchain

GAN Zi-chen¹(), FAN Jing-jing¹, XUE Zhi-ting², LIN Ding-liang³, XU Zhen¹()

1. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3. School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-11-22 Accepted:2023-01-21 Online:2023-08-31 Published:2023-08-16
Contact: XU Zhen (1986-), professor, Ph.D. His main research interest covers urban integrated digital disaster prevention. E-mail：xuzhen@ustb.edu.cn
About author:
GAN Zi-chen (2001-), undergraduate students. His main research interest covers construction market governance. E-mail：Againforus@163.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0501002);2022 Undergraduate Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation Project(2022279018)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来工程事故发生后设计者往往会成为追责的对象。而随着BIM模型日渐成为工程图纸会审和留档的原始资料，设计责权追溯也需要提出新的解决方案来达到从源头避免工程质量事故的目的。因此提出了一种集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统。区块链是一种去中心化的数据库。其具有难篡改、可溯源的特性，已成功应用于质量追溯领域。在分散式应用程序的框架上，基于以太坊技术提出了用于存储BIM元数据的联盟链，并通过管理者、设计者、监管者3种节点提高了去中心化程度。为解决BIM模型体量过大的问题，采用第三方平台BIMFACE作为外部数据库，弥补了区块链与BIM集成时支持格式单一、实际场景不适用的缺陷。而基于哈希算法的完整性校验可以防范第三方篡改模型。同时系统还具有良好的拓展性，实现了在线浏览、模型描述等协同工作功能，未来可在BIM产品的生命周期内拓展更多应用场景。某大学雄安校区的应用案例表明，系统能对设计过程进行永久记录和精确追溯。

关键词: 区块链, BIM, 设计责权, 追溯, 协同工作

Abstract:

In recent years, designers have often become the target of accountability in the aftermath of engineering accidents. With the BIM model becoming the original material for engineering drawings review and archiving, novel solutions are necessary to prevent engineering quality accidents from their source. Consequently, a design responsibility and right traceability system integrating BIM and blockchain was proposed. Blockchain, a decentralized database, is tamper-proof and traceable, and has been successfully utilized in the field of quality traceability. Within the framework of a distributed application, an alliance chain for BIM metadata storage was proposed based on Ethereum technology, and the degree of decentralization was reinforced through three types of nodes: administrator, designer, and supervisor. In order to resolve the problem of excessive BIM model volume, the third-party platform BIMFACE was used as an external database, filling the gaps in supporting formats and practical applications when integrating blockchain with BIM. Hash algorithm-based integrity check can prevent third-party tampering with the model. Concurrently, the system boasted great expandability, enabling collaborative work functions such as online browsing and model description, and can accommodate additional application scenarios in the lifecycle of BIM products in the future. An application case of a university’s Xiong’an campus has demonstrated the system’s ability to permanently record and accurately trace the design process.

Key words: blockchain, building information modeling, design responsibility and right, traceability, collaborative work

中图分类号:

TP391

甘子琛, 范晶晶, 薛芝婷, 林鼎量, 许镇. 集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统研究[J]. 图学学报, 2023, 44(4): 810-817.

GAN Zi-chen, FAN Jing-jing, XUE Zhi-ting, LIN Ding-liang, XU Zhen. Research on design responsibility and right traceability system integrating BIM and blockchain[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2023, 44(4): 810-817.

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文献	研究问题	解决方案
文献[12]	食品质量溯源	构建完整的追溯体系，针对系统原型在广度、深度、精度等方面进行了评估
文献[13]	纺织品质量监控	基于区块链的纺织品质量框架实现跨链信息的共享系统，当出现质量安全问题时，可以快速定位识别
文献[14]	双层架构的产品溯源系统	大量信息产品的具体信息存储在附加层的私有链上，并通过散列指针以及数字签名与主层联结
文献[15]	基于智能合约的产品溯源	通过PRC，BAC，TUC 3个智能合约分别实现产品的信息注册、批次更新及可追溯流程管理

文献	研究问题	解决方案
文献[12]	食品质量溯源	构建完整的追溯体系，针对系统原型在广度、深度、精度等方面进行了评估
文献[13]	纺织品质量监控	基于区块链的纺织品质量框架实现跨链信息的共享系统，当出现质量安全问题时，可以快速定位识别
文献[14]	双层架构的产品溯源系统	大量信息产品的具体信息存储在附加层的私有链上，并通过散列指针以及数字签名与主层联结
文献[15]	基于智能合约的产品溯源	通过PRC，BAC，TUC 3个智能合约分别实现产品的信息注册、批次更新及可追溯流程管理

对比角度	集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统	其他传统追责方法
追责效果	分布式存储使数据具有不可篡改性；非对称加密和时间戳使系统能精准追溯设计过程	中心数据库存储的数据易篡改或丢失；难以进行责权划分并找到责任源头
附加功能	系统可基于BIMFACE对BIM进行二次开发；协同工作功能提高了设计师使用意愿	扩展性较差，功能单一
追责模式	多节点、多阶段	信息孤岛，信息片面
追责手段	信息化、智能化	人力占用多，工作效率低

对比角度	集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统	其他传统追责方法
追责效果	分布式存储使数据具有不可篡改性；非对称加密和时间戳使系统能精准追溯设计过程	中心数据库存储的数据易篡改或丢失；难以进行责权划分并找到责任源头
附加功能	系统可基于BIMFACE对BIM进行二次开发；协同工作功能提高了设计师使用意愿	扩展性较差，功能单一
追责模式	多节点、多阶段	信息孤岛，信息片面
追责手段	信息化、智能化	人力占用多，工作效率低

集成BIM和区块链的设计责权追溯系统研究

Research on design responsibility and right traceability system integrating BIM and blockchain

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