基于三维足形与足底压力分布的鞋垫参数化定制设计

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024030558

图学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 558-563.DOI: 10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2024030558

基于三维足形与足底压力分布的鞋垫参数化定制设计

黄忆¹(), 朱兆华¹^,²(), 王佳², 周克璇¹

1.中国矿业大学建筑与设计学院，江苏徐州 221116
2.中国安全生产科学研究院职业危害所，北京 100012

收稿日期:2023-08-15 接受日期:2023-10-19 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-06-12
通讯作者:朱兆华(1988-)，男，副教授，博士。主要研究方向为计算机辅助产品设计和产品人因设计。E-mail：zhuzhaohua@cumt.edu.cn
第一作者:黄忆(1999-)，女，硕士研究生。主要研究方向为计算机辅助产品设计。E-mail：huangyi@cumt.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国矿业大学研究生创新计划资助项目(2023WLJCRCZL326);徐州市科技计划项目(KC21069);国家自然科学基金项目(52005498)

Parametric custom design of insoles based on 3D foot shape and plantar pressure distribution

HUANG Yi¹(), ZHU Zhaohua¹^,²(), WANG Jia², ZHOU Kexuan¹

1. School of Architecture and Design, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China
2. Institute of Occupational Hazards Research, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China

Received:2023-08-15 Accepted:2023-10-19 Published:2024-06-30 Online:2024-06-12
First author：HUANG Yi (1999-), master student. Her main research interest covers computer aided product design. E-mail：huangyi@cumt.edu.cn
Supported by:
The Graduate Innovation Program of China University of Mining and Technology(2023WLJCRCZL326);Xuzhou Science and Technology Project(KC21069);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52005498)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低足底压力峰值、提升鞋垫产品的舒适性，达到预防足部相关疾病的目的，提出了一种以三维足部模型与足底压力分布为驱动的多孔结构鞋垫参数化定制设计方法。首先，依据用户三维足部模型及相关足部尺寸参数构建了自动生成高适配性鞋垫模型的方法；其次，基于图像采样算法建立了用户足底压力分布向鞋垫空间结构密度分布的映射点集，以此为数据基础，通过Voronoi 3D工具在鞋垫模型限定域内生成空间单元结构；最后，提取适应鞋垫模型边界的Voronoi骨架线，并结合网格生成算法建立多孔鞋垫网格模型。动态及静态足底压力实验结果表明，与传统鞋垫的性能相比，基于足形和足压分布定制设计的多孔鞋垫可以有效卸载足底压力峰值、增大足底的接触面积及提升左右足部压力分布的对称性。

关键词: 三维足部模型, 足底压力, 参数化, 多孔结构, 定制设计, Voronoi 3D

Abstract:

To reduce peak plantar pressure, enhance the comfort of insole products, and prevent foot-related diseases, a process for designing parametric, customized, porous insoles was proposed. This process was driven by a three-dimensional foot model and plantar pressure distribution. First, a method was constructed for the automatic generation of highly adaptive insole models using the user’s three-dimensional foot model and relevant foot dimension parameters. Secondly, an image sampling algorithm was employed to establish a mapping point set for the distribution of plantar pressure on the user’s foot to the spatial density distribution in the insole. This served as the foundational data for generating spatial unit structures within the defined domain of the insole model through the Voronoi 3D tool. Finally, Voronoi skeletal lines adapted to the insole model’s boundary were extracted, and a porous insole mesh model was established by integrating a mesh generation algorithm. Dynamic and static plantar pressure experimental results indicated that, compared to traditional insoles, porous insoles designed based on foot shapes and pressure distribution could effectively reduce peak plantar pressure, increase the contact area on the plantar surface, and improve the symmetry of pressure distribution between the left and right feet.

Key words: 3D foot model, plantar pressure, parametrization, porous structure, customized design, Voronoi 3D

中图分类号:

TP47

黄忆, 朱兆华, 王佳, 周克璇. 基于三维足形与足底压力分布的鞋垫参数化定制设计[J]. 图学学报, 2024, 45(3): 558-563.

HUANG Yi, ZHU Zhaohua, WANG Jia, ZHOU Kexuan. Parametric custom design of insoles based on 3D foot shape and plantar pressure distribution[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2024, 45(3): 558-563.

图/表 15

图1 3D足部模型采集过程

Fig. 1 Acquisition process of 3D foot model

图2 足部三维模型预处理((a)噪点及钉状物去除；(b)模型平滑；(c)模型裁剪)

Fig. 2 Preprocessing of 3D foot model ((a) Noise and spike removal; (b) Model smoothing; (c) Model trimming)

图3 足部模型重建及误差分析((a)由2 516个型值点重建的足部模型；(b)足部模型重建误差)

Fig. 3 Reconstruction and error analysis of foot model ((a) Foot model reconstructed from 2 516 points; (b) Reconstruction error of the foot model)

图4 静态足底压力采集

Fig. 4 Experimental process of static foot pressure

图5 静态足底压力分布云图

Fig. 5 Static plantar pressure distribution nephogram

图6 鞋垫平面轮廓形状构建

Fig. 6 Construction of insole flat contour shape

图7 参数化鞋垫模型的构建((a)基础鞋垫模型；(b)适配足部形状的鞋垫模型；(c)鞋垫尺寸参数)

Fig. 7 Construction of parametric insole model ((a) Basic insole model; (b) Foot-shaped fitted insole model; (c) Insole size parameters)

图8 足底压力分布采样与映射((a)鞋垫平面轮廓线内生成的随机点；(b)与足底压力对应的点；(c)与足底压力变化呈现正相关的圆；(d)图像采样算法基本流程)

Fig. 8 Sampling and mapping of plantar pressure distribution ((a) Random points generated within the insole plane contour; (b) Points corresponding to plantar pressure; (c) Circles showing positive correlation with plantar pressure variation; (d) Basic process of image sampling algorithm)

图9 点云密度分布调节((a)与足底压力变化呈现正相关圆的圆心；(b)基于圆心的平面Voronoi图形；(c)局部点云密度调节)

Fig. 9 Adjustment of point cloud density distribution ((a) Centers of circles positively correlated with plantar pressure variation; (b) Plane Voronoi diagrams based on circle centers; (c) Local point cloud density adjustment)

图10 Voronoi 3D点云生成

Fig. 10 Generation of Voronoi 3D point cloud

图11 Voronoi空间多孔结构鞋垫生成((a) Voronoi空间单元；(b)骨架线；(c)多孔结构鞋垫网格模型)

Fig. 11 Generation of Voronoi porous structure insole ((a) Voronoi space units; (b) Skeleton lines; (c) Porous insole model)

图12 鞋垫3D打印及性能测试((a)预制鞋垫与定制鞋垫；(b)静态足底压力测试；(c)动态足底压力测试)

Fig. 12 3D printing and performance testing of insoles ((a) Prefabricated and customized insoles; (b) Static plantar pressure testing; (c) Dynamic plantar pressure testing)

图13 静态足底压力分布云图 ((a)穿戴预制鞋垫；(b)穿戴定制设计鞋垫)

Fig. 13 Static plantar pressure distribution ((a) Wearing prefabricated insoles; (b) Wearing custom-designed insoles)

图14 足底压力中心轨迹((a)穿戴预制鞋垫；(b)穿戴定制设计鞋垫)

Fig. 14 The center of pressure trajectory of the foot ((a) Wearing prefabricated insoles; (b) Wearing custom-designed insoles)

图15 一个步态周期内的足底压强均值曲线

Fig. 15 Mean curve of plantar pressure during one gait cycle

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基于三维足形与足底压力分布的鞋垫参数化定制设计

Parametric custom design of insoles based on 3D foot shape and plantar pressure distribution

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