The effects of eye-control speed and target travel distance on user interaction efficiency

doi:10.11996/JG.j.2095-302X.2025010233

Abstract

Abstract:

Eye-controlled interaction, as a human-computer interaction method with natural interaction characteristics, can enable users to achieve convenient and fast real-time operations through eye movements. The existing research on eye control has primarily focused on comparing the uniform speed performance across different trajectories, which remains somewhat disconnected from practical applications of eye control. To investigate the impact of different eye control speeds and target movement distances on user interaction performance in an eye control interaction environment, a study recruited 23 participants to participate in two eye control experiments. The first experiment adopted a single-factor repeated measurement experimental design (speed values: 2 deg/s, 4 deg/s, 6 deg/s, 8 deg/s), and evaluated the interaction performance and user experience of different speed values by collecting data such as task completion time and accuracy. The second experiment adopted a dual-factor repeated measurement experimental design of 2 (speed: constant speed, variable speed) ×3 (distance: short distance, medium distance, long distance) to further compare the differences in interaction performance between constant speed and variable speed at different eye control distances. Each participant used their eyes to control the target to move a certain distance under different speed conditions. The results indicated that when users interacted with targets using eye control, 6 deg/s was a comfortable eye control uniform speed, with significantly better interaction performance at short or medium distances. However, the eye control interaction performance of variable speed exceeded that of constant speed over long distances. These findings suggested that the interaction effects of speed and distance could produce varying impacts on eye control interaction performance, providing guidance for designers in designing eye control speed and target movement distance parameters to enhance the eye control interaction experience.

Key words: eye-controlled interaction, eye-control speed, target travel distance, natural interaction, user experience

CLC Number:

TP391
TB472

ZHANG Ting, LAI Jiandu, HOU Guanhua, ZHANG Jingjing. The effects of eye-control speed and target travel distance on user interaction efficiency[J]. Journal of Graphics, 2025, 46(1): 233-240.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Experimental interface

Fig. 2 Experimental scene

Fig. 3 Experimental flow chart

Fig. 4 Variable speed process

Fig. 5 Target travel distance

Fig. 6 Task completion time at constant speed (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001)

Fig. 7 SUS data result

Fig. 8 Comparison of task completion accuracy (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001)

Fig. 9 The completion time at different distances (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001)

Fig. 10 The number of round trips during the interaction (*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001)

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